Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEENT > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Exam of Eyes

A

Visual acuity, discharge, redness, mobility (cardinal fields of gaze), pupils, ocular pressures, opthalmoscopic exam, head and neck lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ophthalmic Red Flags

A

Decreased vision (sudden and painless) Pain with light, movement, N&V Trauma—hyphema, orbital fracture Corneal abrasion Uveitis Foreign body Periorbital cellulitis Associated neurological deficits (weakness, numbness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Age Related Eye Diseases (AREDS)

A

Cataracts, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cataracts Risk Factors

A

Age, DM, truama, smoking, steroids, sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cataracts Treatment

A

Stronger glasses Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cataracts PE

A

Dull red reflex, opaque pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cataracts: C/O

A

Blurry vision, light rings around objects, gradual decrease in vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Central Opacity Cataracts

A

Vision loss and glare with bright lights Distance < Near vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peripheral Cataracts

A

Dont affect vision until larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

A

Diminished central vision due to aging macule (center of retina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Risk Factors

A

Europeans with fair skin, female, +FH, smoking, poor exercise and diet habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) PE

A

Fundi = drusen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Drusen

A

Yellow/white deposits on fund Represents focal degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dry AMD

A

Non-neovascular More common with less severe effects on vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wet AMD

A

Neovascular (grows new blood vessels) Some success with laser treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AREDS supplements

A

Vit. C & E Zinc Beta-Carotene Lutein Zeaxanthin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glaucoma

A

Damage to optic nerve 2/2 high intraocular pressures (> 21 mmHg) Causes cupping of optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Glaucoma

A

Primary: open angle and angle closure (more common) Secondary: trauma, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glaucoma Risk Factors

A

Age, Blacks>Whites, Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glaucoma Assessment

A

Symptoms of open-angle glaucoma: asymptomatic elevation of IOP; “silent blinder” Symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma: painful red eye, decrease visual acuity, nausea & vomiting. Requires emergency treatment PE corneal cloudiness, diffuse red eye, slow pupillary response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glaucoma Treatment

A

Therapy goal is to stabilize IOP in normal range Topical agents: cholinergics (Pilocarpine), anticholinesterases, Beta blockers (Timolol), prostaglandins, alpha agonists, CAI’s Laser and surgery if meds fail Cautious use of topical steroids in eyes or anticholinergics

22
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

2/2 long term DM, poor glycemic control, smoking, renal disease, HTN, pregnancy

23
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy Sx

A

Vision loss, “floaters”

24
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy PE

A

Retinal “cotton wool spots”, hemorrhages

25
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy Screening

A

Type 1 DM: annually after 5 years with DM Type 2 DM: at diagnosis, then annually

26
Q

Keratitis Sicca

A

Dry eyes

27
Q

S/s of dry eyes

A

blurring, burning, itching FB sensation

28
Q

Dry Eyes treatment

A

Avoid irritants, sun Hot compresses OTC artificial tears, lubricants Refer to ophthalmology if chronic: Restasis

29
Q

Meds that cause dry eyes

A

Diuretics, antihistamines, accutaine, anticholinergics

30
Q

Environmental causes of dry eyes

A

Dry, windy, low humidity

31
Q

Conjunctivitis (Bacterial)

A

Staph Aureus (most common, can be chronic) Strep pneumoccocus—more common in northern states during winter Haemophilus—warmer zones Moraxella lacunata, E. Coli, Proteus Pseudomonas—contact lens wears

32
Q

Conjunctivitis (Viral)

A

Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Coxsackie, HSV

33
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Neisseria, honorrhea, chlamydia

34
Q

Conjunctivitis (Bacterial) PE

A

Mucopurulent discharge, irritation, lids stuck together Unilateral initially Normal Vision, no pain, no photophobia

35
Q

Conjunctivitis (Bacterial) Treatment

A

Trimethoprim & polymyxin B (Polytrim) Erythromycin (Ilotycin) Bacitracin Sulfacetamide sodium 10% (Sulamyd, Bleph-10) Flouroquinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxin) Warm compresses, Johnson’s baby shampoo, frequent hand washing, change contact lens and eye make up

36
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis PE

A

Mucoid discharge Preauricular lymphadenopathy Diffuse conjunctival erythema Watery discharge. URI symptoms of pharyngits, nasal congestion, low grade fever. No vision problem or pain

37
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis

A

History of atopy, allergic rhinitis Watery, itchy, bilateral Mild erythema and edema of lids & conjunctiva

38
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

A

NSAID’s: Acular (reduces itching and inflammation)(can’t use with contacts) Mast cell stabilizer: Alocril, Crolom Antihistamines/mast cell stabilizer: Patanol, Claritin Antihistamine/vasoconstrictor: Naphcon-A Nasalcrom–cromolyn NO Topical Steroids!

39
Q

Hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis: Neisseria

A

Transmitted from GU tract Copious purulent discharge Involves surrounding structures red and painful Prompt referral or consultation with an ophthalmologist

40
Q

Inclusion conjunctivitis: Chlamydia

A

Abrupt onset of ocular discomfort, diffuse erythema, scant to no mucopurulent discharge, follicles on lower palpebral conjunctiva Can progress to keratitis if not treated A/W urethritis/cervicitis Systemic TCN, EMycin or Bactrim for 21 days. Refer

41
Q

Uveitis/Iritis

A

Blurred vision, pain, photophobia, perilimbal injection, Iritis: small & nonreactive pupil Unilateral or bilateral Idiopathic or R/T systemic disease (TB, ankylosing spondylitis, JRA, sarcoidosis) Rule out trauma and infection Refer immediately to ophthalmologist–steroids

42
Q

Uveitis vs. Iritis

A

Uveitis: inflammation of anterior and posterior uveal structures (iris, colliery body, choroid) Iritis: inflammation of anterior tract (iris)

43
Q

Perilimbial flush

A

aka: cilliary flush Redness around cornea

44
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Bleeding under conjunctiva Occurs spontaneously or with coughing, sneezing, minor trauma Deep, flat, bright red hemorrhage No pain or visual deficit Complete eye exam to r/o conjunctivitis or trauma Reassurance–clears in 2-3 weeks

45
Q

Hyphema

A

Accumulation of blood in anterior chamber due to trauma Painless, poor pupil reaction, Immediate referral

46
Q

Corneal injury

A

Abrasion, foreign body, erosion, ulcer Present with pain. Can be tearing, blurred vision, redness Evert the eyelids look for foreign body Stain with fluorescein green with UV light Check corneal surface—white or opaque if ulcerated REFER Don’t patch corneal abrasions. Remove foreign body with cotton tip. ? antibiotics

47
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Bleeding under conjunctiva Occurs spontaneously or with coughing, sneezing, minor trauma Deep, flat, bright red hemorrhage No pain or visual deficit Complete eye exam to r/o conjunctivitis or trauma Reassurance–clears in 2-3 weeks

48
Q

Hyphema

A

Accumulation of blood in anterior chamber due to trauma Painless, poor pupil reaction, Immediate referral

49
Q

Hordeolum

A

stye Acute localized painful mass, internal or external Evert eyelid over cotton swab to see internal Warm compresses, antibiotic ointment if inflammed

50
Q

Chalazion

A

Painless chronic granulomatous nodule Surgical excision

51
Q

Blepharitis

A

Acute or chronic infection/inflammation of lid margin A/W seborrhea Crusty, erythematous, missing eyelashes, inflammed Daily wash, antibiotic ointment at H.S. for 3 weeks

52
Q
A

HEENT (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions