Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is located in the paramedian pontine reticular? aka the PPFR?

A

The center for lateral gaze

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2
Q

How does the PPFR communicate with the ocular motor nuclei?

A

via the MLF

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3
Q

Where is the center for vertical gaze located?

A

in a region just rostral to the oculomotor mucleus in the rostral midbrain

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4
Q

When you turn your eyes to glance at a visual object without having a moving target to follow this is known as a

A

saccade

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5
Q

What region initiates a saccade movement?

A

the frontal eye fields (part of the frontal cortex)

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6
Q

Neurons from the frontal eye fields then project to the ______ ______ in the coicobulbar tract

A

ipsilateral superior colliculus

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7
Q

In a saccade, where does the message relay to after the superior colliculus?

A

the contralateral PPFR

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8
Q

What exclusively controls the lens? The sympathetic or parasympathetic system?

A

parasympathetic system

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9
Q

What is the role of the pre-tectal area?

A

serves as the autonomic control center to coordinate the focusing of both lenses

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10
Q

where are the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?

A

Edinger Westphal nuclei

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11
Q

What happens when the cillary muscle contracts?

A

decreases the tension of the lens allowing it to relax to a more spherical shape, allowing us to focus on nearby objects

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12
Q

The pre-tectal area also receives motor input from what?

A

the centers for convergence and divergence

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13
Q

The parasympathetic axons travel with what cranial nerve?

A

oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

What autonomic system(s) control the iris?

A

both the parasympathetic and sympathetic system

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15
Q

Where do the autonomic fibers for control of the iris synapse?

A

Parasympathetic: pretectal nucleus
Sympathetic: the midbrain reticular formation

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16
Q

What happens during parasympathetic activation of the iris?

A

contraction of the sphincter muscle and pupillary constriction

17
Q

Describe the sympathetic pathway for autonomic control of the iris

A

innervation of the superior cervical ganglion which then innervates the dilator muscles of the iris

18
Q

Where is the center for vertical and accommodation located

A

the midbrain

19
Q

Where is the center for horizontal gaze located?

20
Q

Where is the PPRF located?

A

just adjacent to the abducens nucleus in the pons

21
Q

If the left PPRF is activated, what direction will the eyes move?

A

to the left

22
Q

The MT cortex controls what kind of movement? where is the MT cortex found?

A

slow pursuit; temporal gyrus

23
Q

the frontal eye fields initiate what kind of movement?

A

saccadic movement; found in the frontal lobe

24
Q

The cuneus gyrus of the occipital lobe carry what information?

A

carries information from lower visual fields; in the parietal lobe

25
What does the lingual gyrus carry?
information from the upper visual fields along myers loop; temporal lobe
26
Damage to the R temporal lobe produces what visual symptoms?
"pie in the sky" on the left
27
What role does the hypothalamus play in receiving retinal ganglion cell axons?
circadian rhythm-"sleep, wake rhythm"
28
What do V3, V4, and V5 perceive?
color, form and movement
29
damage to this visual field would still allow someone to see but not be able to recognize the forms
V3
30
Damage to V4 produces what symptoms?
inability to recognize color
31
Damage to this visual field causes "motion agnosia"
V5