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PCM II Final > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

what could be causing a visual disturbance that looks like a curtain coming down

A

retinal detachment

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2
Q

what are causes of sudden loss of vision

A 
retinal detachment
vitreous hemorrhage
central retinal artery occlusion
CVA
trauma
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3
Q

what comorbid disease is common to have central retinal artery occlusion

A

temporal arteritis

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4
Q

What can cause gradual loss of vision

A 
aging
cataracts, glaucoma
HIV
autoimmune
DM
congential
macular degeneragtion
neoplasms like retinoblastomas
psudeotumor cerebri
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5
Q

What is hyperopia

A

farsighteness, difficulty seeing near

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6
Q

what is myopia

A

nearsightedness, difficulty seeing far

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7
Q

what is presbyopia

A

aging vision, progressive difficulty seeing near objects

lens can’t accommodate as well

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8
Q

what is diplopia

A

double vision

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9
Q

what is heterophoria and the types

A

failure of the visual axes to remain parallel
esophoria- one eye deviates inward
exophoira- one eye deviates outward

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10
Q

how can you tell if eyes are looking forward when checking for heterophoria. “cover test”

A

the good eye will focus on the light in pupil

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11
Q

first part of eye exam

A

visual acuity

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12
Q

what eye chart do you use for far vision

A

snellen eye chart 20 ft away

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13
Q

what eye chart do you use for near vision

A

hand held card at 14

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14
Q

how far away can someone with 20/20 read newspaper

A

14ft

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15
Q

someone with corrective lenses how do you do the exam

A

with then without lenses

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16
Q

what is OD OS OU in reference to eye examination

A

OD is right
OS is left
OU is both eyes

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17
Q

what is homonymous hemianposia

A

cannot see R half visual field both eyes

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18
Q

what is bitemporal hemianopsia

A

cannot see lateral visual fields

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19
Q

what is quadrantic defect visual field

A

same 1/4 visual field is gone both eyes

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20
Q

what do people with ectropion eyelids complain of

A

constant tearing since eye lid is turned out

21
Q

what is the bulbar conjuctiva

A

cover anterior eye

22
Q

what is the palpebral conjuctiva

A

lines eyelids

23
Q

what condition can cause blue eyelids

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

24
Q

What makes the sclera white in your eyes

A

Ca

25
Q

What is the term anisocoira

A

unequal pupils greater than 0.5mm

26
Q

describe parts of pupillary reaction to light

A

direct and indirect(consensual)

27
Q

neuroargyle pupil

A

accommodates but does not react

neuro syphilis

28
Q

what is nystagmus

A

fine rhythmic oscillations of eyes at the extreme lateral gaze

29
Q

what is the function of the lens disc on ophthalmoscope

A

diopters (amount of focus)

30
Q

When looking at optic disk what do you look for

A

clarify disc margin
color of disc
look for central small white depression known as the central physiologic cup

31
Q

When looking at the optic disc what direction do you span out

A

medially first then superior inferior

LAST is laterally to look at macula since so sensitive for patients

32
Q

bitemporal hemianopsia is a lesion where

A

optic chiasm

pituitary tumor?

33
Q

what is pinguecula

A

small nodule on the bulbar conjunctiva

noes not cross over cornea

34
Q

what is a pterygium

A

thickening of bulbar conjunctiva which grows across cornea

35
Q

what is a sty

A

infection at margin of eyelid

36
Q

what is chalazion

A

painless nodule involving meibomian gland

37
Q

what is xanthelasma

A

flat yellow plaque under eye

hyperlipidemia, cholesterol

38
Q

what is ptosis

A

dropoing eyelid

39
Q

what is horner’s syndrome

A

ptosis, miosis and andyrosis (lesion in sympathetics)

40
Q

what disease involves CN VII

A

bells palsy

41
Q

what is conjunctivitis

A

infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva

discomfort, discharge and topical antibiotics

42
Q

what is subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

leakage of blood under conjunctiva

painless, sharply demarcated, resolves on its own

43
Q

what is it if blood vessels are coming from lens out. “sun burst”

A

eye emergency

painful with light

44
Q

what is a hyphema

A

blood in anterior chamber due to trauma

45
Q

what is a papilledema

A

disc swollen with blurred margins. cup not visible

increased intracranial pressure

46
Q

what is glaucomatous cupping

A

increased intraocular pressure causing an increased disc cupping

47
Q

What is AV nicking

A

arterial walls become thickened and lose transparency

atheroscleroritc changes. artery nicks the veins

48
Q

what are cotton wool patches in eye

A

infarcted nerve fibers seen in hypertensive retinopathy

PCM II Final (1 decks)

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