Eyes Flashcards
what could be causing a visual disturbance that looks like a curtain coming down
retinal detachment
what are causes of sudden loss of vision
retinal detachment vitreous hemorrhage central retinal artery occlusion CVA trauma
what comorbid disease is common to have central retinal artery occlusion
temporal arteritis
What can cause gradual loss of vision
aging cataracts, glaucoma HIV autoimmune DM congential macular degeneragtion neoplasms like retinoblastomas psudeotumor cerebri
What is hyperopia
farsighteness, difficulty seeing near
what is myopia
nearsightedness, difficulty seeing far
what is presbyopia
aging vision, progressive difficulty seeing near objects
lens can’t accommodate as well
what is diplopia
double vision
what is heterophoria and the types
failure of the visual axes to remain parallel
esophoria- one eye deviates inward
exophoira- one eye deviates outward
how can you tell if eyes are looking forward when checking for heterophoria. “cover test”
the good eye will focus on the light in pupil
first part of eye exam
visual acuity
what eye chart do you use for far vision
snellen eye chart 20 ft away
what eye chart do you use for near vision
hand held card at 14
how far away can someone with 20/20 read newspaper
14ft
someone with corrective lenses how do you do the exam
with then without lenses
what is OD OS OU in reference to eye examination
OD is right
OS is left
OU is both eyes
what is homonymous hemianposia
cannot see R half visual field both eyes
what is bitemporal hemianopsia
cannot see lateral visual fields
what is quadrantic defect visual field
same 1/4 visual field is gone both eyes
what do people with ectropion eyelids complain of
constant tearing since eye lid is turned out
what is the bulbar conjuctiva
cover anterior eye
what is the palpebral conjuctiva
lines eyelids
what condition can cause blue eyelids
osteogenesis imperfecta
What makes the sclera white in your eyes
Ca
What is the term anisocoira
unequal pupils greater than 0.5mm
describe parts of pupillary reaction to light
direct and indirect(consensual)
neuroargyle pupil
accommodates but does not react
neuro syphilis
what is nystagmus
fine rhythmic oscillations of eyes at the extreme lateral gaze
what is the function of the lens disc on ophthalmoscope
diopters (amount of focus)
When looking at optic disk what do you look for
clarify disc margin
color of disc
look for central small white depression known as the central physiologic cup
When looking at the optic disc what direction do you span out
medially first then superior inferior
LAST is laterally to look at macula since so sensitive for patients
bitemporal hemianopsia is a lesion where
optic chiasm
pituitary tumor?
what is pinguecula
small nodule on the bulbar conjunctiva
noes not cross over cornea
what is a pterygium
thickening of bulbar conjunctiva which grows across cornea
what is a sty
infection at margin of eyelid
what is chalazion
painless nodule involving meibomian gland
what is xanthelasma
flat yellow plaque under eye
hyperlipidemia, cholesterol
what is ptosis
dropoing eyelid
what is horner’s syndrome
ptosis, miosis and andyrosis (lesion in sympathetics)
what disease involves CN VII
bells palsy
what is conjunctivitis
infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva
discomfort, discharge and topical antibiotics
what is subconjunctival hemorrhage
leakage of blood under conjunctiva
painless, sharply demarcated, resolves on its own
what is it if blood vessels are coming from lens out. “sun burst”
eye emergency
painful with light
what is a hyphema
blood in anterior chamber due to trauma
what is a papilledema
disc swollen with blurred margins. cup not visible
increased intracranial pressure
what is glaucomatous cupping
increased intraocular pressure causing an increased disc cupping
What is AV nicking
arterial walls become thickened and lose transparency
atheroscleroritc changes. artery nicks the veins
what are cotton wool patches in eye
infarcted nerve fibers seen in hypertensive retinopathy
