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EENT > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is Reiter’s syndrome?

A
  • A type of reactive arthritis

- Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

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2
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

Unequal pupil size

-Not necessarily pathological

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3
Q

What anesthetic is typically used on the eye?

A

Tetracaine 0.4%

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4
Q

What warrants an emergent referral to an eye specialist?

A
  • Red eye with pain or visual disturbance
  • Red eye with corneal damage
  • Acute glaucoma
  • Foreign body?
  • Never prescribe topical steroids
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5
Q

What does bilateral angioedema of the eyes indicate?

A

Systemic allergens:

-Food

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6
Q

What does unilateral angioedema of the eyes indicate?

A

Local allergen:

  • Poison ivy
  • Topical chemical
  • Insect bites
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7
Q

What is the most common cause of a “red eye”?

A

Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Major manifestations of conjunctivitis?

A
  • Discharge
  • Injection
  • Lack of photophobia
  • Lids stuck together
  • Normal vision
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9
Q

Most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in temperate zones?

A

Pneumococcus

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10
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis in tropical zones?

A

H. aegyptius

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11
Q

What does gross purulence w/ conjunctivitis suggest?

A

Neisseria infection

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12
Q

Organisms usually causing chronic conjunctivitis?

A
  • Staph. aureus

- Moraxella lacunata

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13
Q

What does conjunctivitis with unilateral mucopurulent discharge, absent pre-auricular adenopathy, and thick crusts on eyelids suggest?

A

-Bacterial conjunctivitis

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14
Q

What does bilateral conjunctivitis w/ pre-auricular nodes and profuse exudate suggest?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis from GU tract

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15
Q

What does conjunctivitis that starts unilaterally and quickly spreads, has watery discharge, pre-auricular adenopathy, fever and pharyngitis suggest?

A

Viral infection

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16
Q

Most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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17
Q

What is bilateral sterile conjunctivitis associated with?

A

Reactive arthritis:

  • Reiter’s syndrome
  • Steven-Johnson syndrome
  • Acne rosacea
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18
Q

What are yellow nodules on conjunctival sclera commonly found on nasal side?

A

-Pinguecula

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19
Q

Usual cause of subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

Trauma

  • Anti-coagulants
  • Self-limiting
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20
Q

What does massive hemorrhage with proptosis and limited EOMs indicate?

A

Orbital hemorrhage

-Can compromise optic nerve and retinal circulation

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21
Q

What is episcleritis associated with?

A
  • Gout
  • Allergies
  • Psoriasis
  • Collagen disease
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22
Q

Most common complaint in episcleritis?

A

Tender, irritated eyes

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23
Q

What eye condition is associated with perilimbal ciliary flush, photophobia, tearing, and possibly ulcers?

A

Keratitis (corneal disease)

24
Q

What eye condition is characterized by photophobia, a painful eye, and pain that precedes a HSV rash?

A

Herpes Simplex Keratoconjunctivitis

25
Q

Treatment for corneal damage from FB?

A
  • Vigorous irrigation

- Refer to specialist

26
Q

What is a hyphema?

A

Layering of blood in anterior chamber

-emergency

27
Q

Is a corneal laceration or perforation a medical emergency?

A

Yes

28
Q

What is uveitis?

A

Disease of the iris, ciliary body, or choroid.

29
Q

Usual cause of uveitis?

A

Idiopathic

-Associated with Ankylosing spondylitis, JRA, colitis, sprue, TB, sarcoidosis

30
Q

Secondary causes of uveitis?

A
  • Trauma

- Corneal inflammation

31
Q

What bacteria often causes blepharitis?

A

Staph.

32
Q

What eye condition is characterized by greasy lid scaling and Meibomian gland dysfunction?

A

Seborrheic blepharitis

33
Q

What is a hordeolum?

A

Acute staph. infection of Meibomian gland (internal) or glands of Zeis or Moll around lashes (sty)

34
Q

What is acute dacryocystitis?

A

Infection of tear duct near nose

-Purulent matter may be expressed

35
Q

Do infections cause chalazions?

A

Nope; sterile

36
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A
  • Infection of orbit by Staph.

- Can lead to paresis of 3rd, 4th, 6th, and ocular portion of 5th cranial nerves: cavernous sinus thrombosis

37
Q

What pressure indicates acute glaucoma?

A

IOP over 20 mmHg

38
Q

Most common cause of impaired vision?

A

Refractive error

39
Q

What drugs can cause vision loss?

A
  • Sulfonamides
  • Thiazides
  • Anti-cholinergics
40
Q

Most common cause of vitreous opacity?

A

Hemorrhage:

  • DM
  • Trauma
  • HTN
  • Clots
41
Q

What can cause retinal inflammation?

A
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • HSV
  • Cytomegalovirus
42
Q

What conditions can cause vascular disease of the eyes?

A
  • Central retinal artery occlusion (clot from atrium or carotid)
  • Giant cell arteritis
43
Q

What manifestations will you often see with central retinal artery occlusion?

A
  • Cherry red spot

- Boxcar veins

44
Q

What manifestations can you see with giant cell arteritis?

A
  • Elevated ESR
  • Enlarged or normal disc
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Associated with Polymyalgia rheumatica
45
Q

Leading cause of blindness over the age of 50?

A

Age-related macular degeneration

46
Q

What systemic diseases are associated with retinal disease?

A
  • DM
  • HTN
  • SLE
47
Q

20-50% of individuals with optic neuritis develop what disease?

A

MS

48
Q

What disorder is associated with the following: stare, lid lag, lid retraction, and mild proptosis?

A

Grave’s disease (autoimmune)

49
Q

What are risk factors for developing Grave’s disease?

A
  • Smoking

- Hyperthyroidism

50
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in those under 65?

A

Diabetic retinopathy

51
Q

What is intraretinal vascular damage also known as?

A

Non-proliferative

52
Q

Clinical signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • Microaneurysms
  • Cotton wool patches
  • Lipid and serous exudate
53
Q

What is it called when vascular damage extends into vitreous cavity?

A

Proliferative retinopathy

-Much worse

54
Q

What clinical signs are associated with hypertensive retinopathy?

A
  • Flame hemorrhages
  • A/V nicking
  • Arteriolar narrowing
55
Q

Do we prescribe topical steroids for eye conditions?

A

Never.

56
Q

What condition is associated with giant cell arteritis?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

EENT (3 decks)

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