Eyes

Question 1

Presbyopia

Answer 1

Decreased elasticity of lens

Question 2

lacrimal

Answer 2

Decreased lacrimal secretions

Question 3

Snellen chart/E chart/Rosenbaum card
LogMAR chart

Answer 3

VISUAL ACUITY

Question 4

CORNEA
SCLERA
conjunctiva
IRIS
LENS
VITREOUS CAVITY/FLUID
RETINA

Answer 4

eyes

Question 5

Front of the eye- (transparent (clear) window that focuses light entering the eye;
Helps focus the light
**Aqueous humor ** s the fluid behind the cornea that helps keep eyeball form (shape)

Answer 5

CORNEA

Question 6

white part of the eye
Located behind the cornea
Helps keeps the round eyeball shape
Sclera is covered by clear conjunctiva

Answer 6

SCLERA

Question 7

(colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye

Answer 7

IRIS

Question 8

Located behind the iris
Lens focuses the light inside the eyes
Similar to a lens to a camera)—eye’s lens changes shape in order to help see Far and Near (accommodations)

Answer 8

LENS

Question 9

aka Posterior cavity; Vitreous body/cavity); Vitreous humor is the fluid that fills this posterior cavity space; Eyeball is filled with this vitreous jelly which sits on the inside of the eye. Vitreous body maintains the shape and also keeps the Retina attached

Answer 9

VITREOUS CAVITY/FLUID

Question 10

Lines the inside of the eye
Converts visual information into neural image (like the film of a camera)

Answer 10

RETINA

Question 11

EXUDATE CULTURE

DIGITAL IMAGING

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

FLUORESCEIN AND INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY

ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY

ULTRASONOGRAPHY

IMAGING TESTS

Answer 11

DIAGNOSTIC EYE TESTS

Question 12

normal ocular movements

Answer 12

the client’s eyes moved normally through the six cardinal fields of gaze

Question 13

1. What is the function of the rods and cones within the eye?

Answer 13

Retina: thin layer of light-sensitive cells; lines posterior eyeball; contains photoreceptors (RODS/CONES-vision);

Rods (only detect presence of light; more abundant toward periphery **of retina—night vision
Cones (respond to* photons*** (particle of light) differing wave lengths-color-vision)

Fovea centralis: small depression in macula lutea of posterior retina—behind lens—contains only cones—ie: Most acute color vision

Optic nerve: exists in the posterior portion of eyeball—cranial nerve 2, transmits signals (images) to the brain; Optic Disc—’blind spot’
(no rods or cones present)

Question 14

Snellen eye chart

Answer 14

measures distance acuity;

stands 20 feet from chart, cover one eye; lowest line client can visualize and read out line determines the visual aciuity of that eye

Question 15

Normal vision: 20/20-can see at 20ft what the normal eye clearly sees at 20 feet
Moderate low vision: 20/70 to 20/160
Legal blindness: 20/200 or worse with correction

Answer 15

Snellen/E/Rosenbaum
documentation

Question 16

INTERNAL EYE EXAMINATION

Answer 16

Examination of internal eye by health care provider
Intraocular pressure
Normal range: 10 to 21 millimeters of mercury

Question 17

aqueous and vitreous humor

Answer 17

Aqueous humor is the fluid behind the cornea that helps keep eyeball form (shape)

Vitreous humor is the fluid that fills this posterior cavity space; Eyeball is filled with this vitreous jelly which sits on the inside of the eye. Vitreous body maintains the shape and also keeps the Retina attached.

Question 18

VISUAL FIELDS

Answer 18

Peripheral vision—how far the eye sees objects up, down, right, and left (while eye looks straight ahead)

Question 19

VISUAL FIELDS

Answer 19

PE Findings=
Full peripheral fields

Abnormal Findings=
Peripheral field loss

Question 20

Six cardinal fields of gaze

Question 21

Corneal light reflex test

Answer 21

for muscle balance (penlight-cornea– if symmetry lacks with this test, could indicate eye muscle weakness)
ie: Nystagmus (involuntary, cyclical, rapid movement of the eyes

Question 22

Cover test

Answer 22

—if drifting noted-indicates
Strabismus
muscle weakness—deviation aka Tropia
Esotropia=Deviation of eye toward nose
Exotropia=Movement laterally
Hypertropia=Upward deviation
Hypotropia=Downward deviation

Question 23

Color Vision fades
less discrimination of blue, green, and violet colors.
Red, yellow, orange are seen best.
Increase glare
Difficult night vision
Decreased elasticity of lens: Presbyopia (farsightedness)
Difficult peripheral vision
Decreased pupil size
Distorted depth perception
Decreased **lacrimal **secretions

Answer 23

Aging

Question 24

Retinopathy

Answer 24

Retinopathy is a disorder in which vascular changes occur in the retinal blood vessels, most commonly with diabetes. Pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy are related to excess glucose, changes in retinal capillary walls, formation of microaneurysms, and constriction of retinal blood vessels. Nonproliferarative and proliferative are two forms of diabetic retinopathy.

Question 25

an inability to focus up close because of decreased elasticity in the ocular lens

Answer 25

Presbyopia

Question 26

is caused when the globe or eyeball is too short from the front to the back, causing the light rays to focus beyond the retina. People who are hyperopic see faraway images more clearly than nearby images. Hyperopia is corrected with convex lenses (Fig. 52.1).

Answer 26

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

Question 27

is caused by light rays focusing in front of the retina. The eyeball is elongated. The light rays do not reach the retina. Distance vision is blurred. Items close are clear. Myopia is corrected with concave lenses (see Fig. 52.1).

Answer 27

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Question 28

results from unequal curvatures in the shape of the cornea. When parallel light rays enter the eye, the irregular cornea causes the light rays to be refracted to focus on two different points. This results in either myopic or hyperopic astigmatism. The person with astigmatism has blurred vision with distortion. Corneal irregularities can be caused by injury, inflammation, corneal surgery, or an inherited autosomal dominant trait.

Answer 28

Astigmatism