EYES

Question 1

what does 20/40 mean?

Answer 1

Means a person at 20 feet can see what a person sees at 40 feet.

Question 2

what is amblyopia?

Answer 2

Lazy eye–> caused by strabismus

Question 3

What vision level would be legally blind?

Answer 3

20/200

Question 4

How do you assess color blindness?

Answer 4

Ishihara chart

Question 5

What is on a normal fundoscopic exam?

Answer 5

• retinal arteries are thinner and lighter than veins,
  *no hemorrhages
  *no cotton wool spots
• no arteries crossing over veins
• red reflex present

optic disc should have sharp margins and no swelling.

Question 6

What happens if you see swelling on fundoscopic exam?

Answer 6

Papilledema: is a referral to ophthalmology

Question 7

What does you see with HTN on fundoscopic exam?

Answer 7

Copper wire arteries: color is copper or red.
AV nicking: artery crosses a vein and causes it to bulge
Flame hemorrhages (little hemorrhages that look like a flame by the optic)
*manage HTN

Question 8

What do you see with DM on fundoscopic exam?

Answer 8

Cotton Wool spots
Neovascularization: formation of new tiny vessels in the eye
Microaneurysms

Question 9

Acute angle closure glaucoma symptoms, diagnose, treat?

Answer 9

Sudden severe eye pain, blurry vision and eye feel firm to the touch.
Fluid build up in the eyes and cannot drain.
*more common at 55-65
Diagnosed: Tonometry and result is increase ocular pressure. Pupils will not react to light.

*refer to ED now.
can lead permanent vision loss.

Question 10

Diagnose: Feels like a curtain pulled over the eye, painless floaters, blurred vision and flashes of light.

Answer 10

Retinal detachment–> refer to ED.

Question 11

Increase in lipids leads to?

Answer 11

Arcus senilis: gray halo
Xanthelasma: cholesterol deposits in the eyes?

See in a younger person–> some hyperlipidemia.

Question 12

Difference between Pterygium vs Pinguecula:

Answer 12

Pterygium: begin non-cancerous over growth of conjunctiva. Encroaches on the cornea.

PiNguecula: does not encroach on the cornea.

Question 13

Hordeolum= stye

Answer 13

caused by staph aureus (drainage)
abx and warm compress

Question 14

Chalazion

Answer 14

block the duct
warm compress

Question 15

Conjunctivitis: Name 3 types and how to tell the difference?

Answer 15

Allergic: bilateral, stringy and ropy, lymph nodes in cervical chain

Unilateral than spreads

Viral: serous drainage, preauricular and submandibular

Bacteria: drainage–> purulent, no lymph node enlargement

Question 16

another term for pink eye?

Answer 16

adenoviral conjunctivitis

Question 17

Bilateral leukocoria (white over eye) is noted and pt has difficulty driving at night.

Answer 17

white reflex = cataracts.

once removed they do not continue to reoccur.

Question 18

Central vision loss
how do you help our pts?

Answer 18

Macular degeneration:
-larger print
- Test: Amsler grid (positive result) *Drusen

Meds: Lutein, zeaxanthin w/zinc

Question 19

Presbyopia

Answer 19

farsighted, cannot see up close, HA and eye strain

President= old man cannot read up close without glasses

Question 20

myopia

Answer 20

ME-see closed to me

nearsighted ness. (cannot see far)

Question 21

Bell’s palsy/eye irritation, blurred vision, pain and tearing eyes

Answer 21

corneal abrasion, fluorescein dye staining.

Tonometer–> intraocular pressure tool

Question 22

Pt has eye pain and sensitive to light, inflammation and swelling of the iris?

Answer 22

Iritis
refer to ophthalmology

Question 23

broken blood vessels on sclera (can be from trauma or just wake up)

Answer 23

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
A symptomatic and resolve on your own.

Treat: eye drops can help