Eyes Flashcards
Two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscle
eyelids
the two types of muscles that composed the eyelids
striated and smooth
protects the eye from foreign bodies and limit the amount of light entering the eye
eyelids
what does the upper eyelid contain that secrete oily substances to lubricate eyelids
meibomian glands
the eyelids join at two points:
lateral (outer) canthus and medial (inner) canthus
projections of stiff hair curving outward along the margins of the eyelids that filter dust and dirt from air entering the eye.
eyelashes
thin, transparent, continuous membrane
conjunctiva
conjunctiva is divided into 2 portions:
palpebral and bul-bar portion
consists of glands and ducts that lubricate the eye
lacrimal apparatus
located in the upper outer corner of the orbital cavity just above the eye, produces tears.
lacrimal apparatus
muscles control six different directions of eye movement.
extra ocular muscle
straight movement
four rectus muscles
diagonal movement
two oblique muscles
three cranial nerves in these muscles
oculomotor (III)
trochlear (IV)
abducens (VI)
dense, protective, white covering that physically supports the internal structures of the eye.
Sclera
window of the eye
cornea
continuous anteriorly with the transparent cornea
sclera
permits the entrance of light, which passes through the lens to the retina. It is well supplied with nerve endings, making it responsive to pain and touch.
cornea
a circular disc of muscle containing pigments that determine eye color
iris
central aperture of iris
pupil
decrease of size of pupil
near vision
dilation of pupil
far vision
functions to refract (bend) light rays onto the retina
lens
contains the vascularity necessary to provide nourishment to the inner aspect of the eye and prevents light from reflecting internally
choroid layer
receives visual stimuli and sends it to the brain
retina
cream-colored, circular area located on the retina toward the medial or nasal side of the eye
optic disc
Snellen’s chart for clients unable to read
Snellen E Chart
the degree of detail the eye can discern in an image
Visual acuity
the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead
visual fields
nearsightedness
myopia
farsightedness
hyperopia
loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects
presbyopia
an uneven curvature of the cornea that prevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina, is a common problem that may occur in conjunction with myopia and hyperopia.
astigmatism
inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
dacryocystitis
redness, swelling, and tenderness of the hair follicle and glands that empty at the edge of the eyelids
hordeolum (sty)
inflammation of the iris
frills
black eyes
contusion or hematomas
opacity of the lens or its capsule, which blocks light rays, is frequently removed, and replaced by a lens implant
cataracts
eyelids that lie at or below the pupil margin
ptosis
eversion, outturning of the eyelid
ectropion
inversion, interning of the lid
entropion
enlarged pupils, may indicate injury or glaucoma, result from certain drugs
mydriasis
constricted pupils, may indicate an inflammation of the iris or result from such drugs as morphine or pilocarpine, age-related change in older adults.
miosis
unequal pupils may result from a central nervous system disorder
anisocoria
normal involuntary blinks for a minute
15 to 20
20/200
legally blind
accurate procedure in the visual acuity test?
The right eye is tested followed by the left eye, and then both eyes are tested.
