Eyes

Question 1

Which should be applied first :

Eye drops or eye ointments

Answer 1

Eye drops first

Question 2

How long should you wait after applying one eye preparation before applying another

Answer 2

5 minutes

To give enough time for the first drug to be absorbed

Question 3

Multi-dose eye preparations (e.g. eye drop bottles) should be discarded _____ after opening unless advised otherwise by the manufacturer

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

True or false:

Eye preparations can be instilled while wearing HARD contacts

Answer 4

TRUE
But removal of lenses first is still advised
Soft contacts should be removed before instillation

Question 5

True or false:

Eye drops that are suitable for use with contact lenses contain preservatives

Answer 5

FALSE
They are preservative free
Preservatives may accumulate in lenses and cause irritation

Question 6

What type of topical eye preparation should never be used by contact lens wearers

Answer 6

Ointments

Question 7

Which drugs are known to colour contact lenses

2 points

Answer 7

Rifampicin and Sulfasalazine

Because they discolour secretions (such as tears) which can stain lenses

Question 8

What is non-infectious uveitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the posterior segment of the eye

Question 9

Which antihistamines are used in eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis
(2 points)

Answer 9

Olopatadine

Azalastine

Question 10

Why might carbomers be less tolerated than hypromellose for the treatment of dry eye

Answer 10

They are thicker (gel) preparations and therefore may impact vision

Question 11

Which bacteria commonly causes blepharitis

Answer 11

Staphylococcus spp.

Question 12

Which species of bacteria commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis
(3 points)

Answer 12

1. S. pneumoniae
2. S. aureus
3. H. influenzae

Question 13

Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves in _______ days without treatment

Answer 13

5 - 7 days

Question 14

Which three infectious eye conditions are considered medical emergencies

Answer 14

1) Corneal ulcers
2) Keratitis
3) Endopthalmitis

Question 15

Which antibiotic eye drop preparation is licensed for corneal ulcers

Answer 15

Ciprofloxacin

Question 16

Azithromycin eye drops are licensed for ______ and ______

Answer 16

Chlamydial eye infections

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 17

Fusidic acid eye drop preparations are useful for infections caused by which bacteria?

Answer 17

Staph infections

Question 18

EYE:

What is miosis

Answer 18

Pupil constriction

Question 19

True or false:

Glaucoma is always due to raised intra-ocular pressure

Answer 19

FALSE

It can occur without raised IOP

Question 20

Myopia is ______

Hyperopia is _____

Answer 20

a) Short sighted

b) Long sighted

Question 21

Patients with ocular hypertension have an IOP of greater than or equal to _______
Treatment is considered if IOP is greater than or equal to _______

Answer 21

21 mmHg

24 mmHg

Question 22

What are the topical prostaglandin analogues (used to 1st line to lower IOP)

(3 points)

Answer 22

1. Latanoprost
2. Bimatoprost
3. Travoprost

Question 23

2nd line drugs for treating ocular hypertension and examples

Answer 23

Topical beta blockers e.g.

1. Timolol
2. Betaxolol
3. Levobunolol

Question 24

Which drugs are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (used to lower IOP)

(2 points)

Answer 24

Brinzolamide

Dorzolamide

Question 25

Brimonidine is an example of what class of drug (used to lower IOP)

Answer 25

A topical sympathomimetic

Question 26

In chronic open angle glaucoma, when should surgery be offered

Answer 26

In advanced chronic open angle glaucoma

with pharmacological augmentation

Question 27

True or false:

Latanoprost can cause the iris to change colour

Answer 27

TRUE

A well known side effect of prostaglandin analogues is darkening of the iris