Eyes Flashcards
Which should be applied first :
Eye drops or eye ointments
Eye drops first
How long should you wait after applying one eye preparation before applying another
5 minutes
To give enough time for the first drug to be absorbed
Multi-dose eye preparations (e.g. eye drop bottles) should be discarded _____ after opening unless advised otherwise by the manufacturer
4 weeks
True or false:
Eye preparations can be instilled while wearing HARD contacts
TRUE
But removal of lenses first is still advised
Soft contacts should be removed before instillation
True or false:
Eye drops that are suitable for use with contact lenses contain preservatives
FALSE
They are preservative free
Preservatives may accumulate in lenses and cause irritation
What type of topical eye preparation should never be used by contact lens wearers
Ointments
Which drugs are known to colour contact lenses
2 points
Rifampicin and Sulfasalazine
Because they discolour secretions (such as tears) which can stain lenses
What is non-infectious uveitis
Inflammation of the posterior segment of the eye
Which antihistamines are used in eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis
(2 points)
Olopatadine
Azalastine
Why might carbomers be less tolerated than hypromellose for the treatment of dry eye
They are thicker (gel) preparations and therefore may impact vision
Which bacteria commonly causes blepharitis
Staphylococcus spp.
Which species of bacteria commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis
(3 points)
- S. pneumoniae
- S. aureus
- H. influenzae
Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves in _______ days without treatment
5 - 7 days
Which three infectious eye conditions are considered medical emergencies
1) Corneal ulcers
2) Keratitis
3) Endopthalmitis
Which antibiotic eye drop preparation is licensed for corneal ulcers
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin eye drops are licensed for ______ and ______
Chlamydial eye infections
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Fusidic acid eye drop preparations are useful for infections caused by which bacteria?
Staph infections
EYE:
What is miosis
Pupil constriction
True or false:
Glaucoma is always due to raised intra-ocular pressure
FALSE
It can occur without raised IOP
Myopia is ______
Hyperopia is _____
a) Short sighted
b) Long sighted
Patients with ocular hypertension have an IOP of greater than or equal to _______
Treatment is considered if IOP is greater than or equal to _______
21 mmHg
24 mmHg
What are the topical prostaglandin analogues (used to 1st line to lower IOP)
(3 points)
- Latanoprost
- Bimatoprost
- Travoprost
2nd line drugs for treating ocular hypertension and examples
Topical beta blockers e.g.
- Timolol
- Betaxolol
- Levobunolol
Which drugs are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (used to lower IOP)
(2 points)
Brinzolamide
Dorzolamide
Brimonidine is an example of what class of drug (used to lower IOP)
A topical sympathomimetic
In chronic open angle glaucoma, when should surgery be offered
In advanced chronic open angle glaucoma
with pharmacological augmentation
True or false:
Latanoprost can cause the iris to change colour
TRUE
A well known side effect of prostaglandin analogues is darkening of the iris
