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adnexa > eyelids and lacrimal system > Flashcards

eyelids and lacrimal system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the tarsal plates? which tarsal plate is shorter?

A

-gives structure and rigidity to the eyelid
- shapes the lid to match the curvature of the globe
superior tarsal plate is shorter

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2
Q

describe the cilla arrangement ?

A

-arranged in double or triple row
- 150 in the upper lid
-75 in the lower lid

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3
Q

What is the mucocutaneous junction of the lid margin?

A
  • transition from skin to conjunctiva posterior to these openings
  • separates the anterior and posterior lid
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4
Q

where are meibomian glands (tarsal glands) found? how are they arranged and empty?

A

found within the tarsal plates, arranged vertically & empty into a single row of orfices on the upper (30 -40 orfices) and lower lid (20-30) posterior to the cilia

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5
Q

Whats a common problem that affects the meibomian glands?

A

Meibomian gland dysfunction
internal hordeolum is a type of infection of the meibomian gland

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6
Q

What cases is a meibomian gland dysfunction infection an emergency vs non-emergency?

A

non- emergency = infection progressing to the pre-septal/ periorbital cellulitis

emergency = infection progressing posterior to the inner orbital area/ post-septal ; muscles can be affected involving the orbit

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7
Q

Describe where the accessory lacrimal gland of Krause is compared to the accessory lacrimal of Wolfing?

A

krause is more superior in the lid margin
wolfring is more inferior in the upper lid

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8
Q

what type of gland are accessory lacrimal gland of Krause and Wolfing?

A

merocrine glands

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9
Q

describe the gland of Zeis?

A

modified sebaceous glands associated with the lash follicles, similar to meibomian glands

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10
Q

what type of gland are Zeis and meibomian glands?

A

holocrine glands

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11
Q

describe the gland of moll?

A

-modified apocrine sweat glands
-plays a role in immune defense

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12
Q

what kind of gland is the gland of moll?

A

apocrine

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13
Q

list functions of the tear film?

A
  1. keeps ocular surface hydrated
  2. traps debris and helps remove sloughed epithelial
  3. contains anti bacterial substances
  4. provides smooth refractive surface
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14
Q

what does the lacrimal secretory system include?

A

lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal gland, meibomian glands, conjunctival goblet cells

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15
Q

what is the lacrimal gland divided into and by?

A

divided into two portions by the levator aponeurosis
1. palpebral portion - smaller inner surface of lid
2. orbital portion - larger lateral margin of LPS

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16
Q

Describe tear film distribution?

A
  • lacrimal gland fluid is secreted into the lateral part of the upper fornix
  • contraction of the orbicularis forces meibum out of the pores and lid motion can spread the thin lipid layer across the surface of the globe
16
Q

what percent of tear fluid is lost by evaporation?

What percent passed through the nasolacrimal drainage system?

A

25% is lost by evaporation

75% passes though the nasolacrimal drainage system

17
Q

Name the parts of the orbicularis involved in tear drainage?

A
  1. Riolan’s muscle
  2. Horner’s muscle
  3. Jones’ muscle
18
Q

what is the function of Riolan’s muscle?

A

Pretarsal portion of orbicularis; ensures palpebral conjunctiva is held firmly against the surface of the globe so tears are spread evenly

19
Q

each punctum opens into a tube called the ____?

A

lacrimal canaliculus

20
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

at the base of the vertical portion of the canaliculus

21
Q

what is the common canaliculus formed by?

A

superior and inferior canaliculi join to form the common canaliculus

22
Q

what is the rosenmuller valve?

A

an angle that produces a physiologic valve that prevents reflux of the nasolacrimal drainage system

23
Q

where does the lacrimal sac lie? and what is it formed by?

A

in the fossa of the medial orbital wall
formed by the frontal process of the maxillary bone and lacrimal bone

24
Q

where does the lacrimal sac empty?

A

nasolacrimal duct in the maxillary bone

25
Q

what is the valve of hasner?

A

a fold of mucosal tissue that prevents backward movement into duct

26
Q

where does the lacrimal sac terminate?

A

inferior meatus

27
Q

Muller muscle function?

A

Maintain elevation of the upper lid

28
Q

Entropian

A

Inversion of lid margin

29
Q

Lagophthalmos

A

Incomplete closure of eyelids

30
Q

Ptosis

A

Eyelid droop

Involving mullers muscle = less dramatic
Involving levator = significant

31
Q

Madarosis is?

A

Loss of eyelashes

32
Q

Distichiasis is?

A

Growth of eyelashes from meibomian gland orifices

33
Q

Order of tear flow

A
  1. Punctum
  2. Canaliculus
    3.nasalacrimal sac
    4.nasalacrimal duct
34
Q

The canaliculi is longer in the________

A

horizontal dimension

adnexa (1 decks)

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