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Ocular Block 5 > Eyelids > Flashcards

Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

Folds of skin and tissue that, when closed, cover the globe

A

Eyelids

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2
Q

When the eyelids are closed gently, the eyelids should

A

Cover the entire globe

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3
Q

Which eyelid is larger and more mobile?

A

Upper

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4
Q

Whihc eyelid is more variable?

A

Lower lid

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5
Q

Where do the eyelids meet?

A

Lateral canthus and medial canthus

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6
Q

Lateral angle (lateral canthus)

A

Directly in contact with the eyeball

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7
Q

The medial angle (canthus)

A

Lose about 6mm medially from the eyeball

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8
Q

What are the two eyelids separated by in the medial canthus

A

Locus lacrimalis

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9
Q

What is in the middle of the locus lacrimalis?

A

Caruncula lacrimalis

Plica semilunaris

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10
Q

Exposed zone between the upper and lower eyelids

A

Palpebral fissure

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11
Q

Eyelid functions

A
  1. Cover the globe for protection
  2. Move the tears toward drainage at the medial canthus on closure
  3. Spread the tear film over the anterior surface of the eye on opening
  4. Contain structures that produce the tear film
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12
Q

Layers of the eyelid

A
  1. Skin layer
  2. Subcutaneous areolar layer
  3. Orbicularis layer
  4. Submuscular areolar layer
  5. Orbital septum
  6. Posterior muscular system
  7. Tarsal plate
  8. Palpebral conjunctiva
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13
Q

Thin layer of skin that contains fine hairs, sweat, and sebaceous glands

A

Skin layer of the eyelid

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14
Q

Thinnest skin on the body and contains no fat

A

Skin layer of the eyelid

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15
Q

Thin layer of loose connective tissue that lies between the outer skin and underlying orbicularis

A

Subcutaneous areolar layer of the eyelids

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16
Q

The upper lid subcutaneous areolar layer contains what as it travels to its insertion within the skin and upper tarsal plate

A

The levator aponeurosis

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17
Q

Contains palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi

A

Orbicularis layer

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18
Q

What is the orbicularis muscle innervated by?

A

Facial

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19
Q

Attaches to orbital margins, extends outward

A

Orbital portion of eyelid

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20
Q

Used for forced closure of the eyelids

A

Orbital potion of orbicularis layer of the eyelid

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21
Q

Used for spontaneous and relfex blinking

A

Palpebral portion of the orbicularis layer of the eyelids

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22
Q

What are the two specialized areas of the palpebral potion of the orbicularis layer of the eyelid

A
  • muscle of riolan (pars ciliaris)

- muscle of Horner

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23
Q

Functional labeling of the orbicularis oculi

A

Orbital and palpebral

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24
Q

Anatomical labeling of the orbicularis oculi

A
  • pretarsal
  • preseptal
  • orbital
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25
Q

The superficial portion of the orbicularis oculi that keeps the lid margin tightly applied to the globe during eye movements

A

Muscle of riolan

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26
Q

The most anterior portion of the gray line

A

Muscle of riolan

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27
Q

A groove located between the eyelash insertions and the meibomian glands

A

Gray line

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28
Q

Divides the lid into anterior and posterior portions and serves as a surgical landmark during lid repair

A

Gray line

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29
Q

Consists of fibers from the orbicularis that encircle the canaliculi and help drain tears into the lacrimal sac

A

Muscle of Horner (pars lacrimalis)

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30
Q

Thin layer of loose connective tissue that lies between the orbicularis and the orbital septum

A

Submuscular areolar layer of the eyelids

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31
Q

The upper lid submuscular layer contains what

A

Levator aponeurosis and the palpebral portion of the main lacrimal gland

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32
Q

Dense irregular layer of loose connective tissue that serves as a barrier to the orbit in the upper and lower eyelids

A

Orbital septum

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33
Q

Keeps infections localized to the anterior portion of the eyelid, away from the orbit

A

Orbital septum

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34
Q

Does not protect the lacrimal sac from infections

A

Orbital septum

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35
Q

Serves as the insertion site for the levator aponeurosis

A

Superior orbital septum

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36
Q

What does the posterior muscular system of the eyelid consist of

A
  • superior lead actor palpebrae muscle
  • superior (mullets muscle) tarsal muscle
  • interior tarsal muscles
37
Q

Originates from the lesser wing of the sphenoid at the orbital apex and serves as the main retractor of the upper eyelid

A

Superior levator muscle

38
Q

Transverse ligament in the eye surrounding it close to its partial implantation into the skin of the upper eyelid

A

Superior transverse ligament of the eye (whitnalls ligament)

39
Q

What does the superior transverse ligament of the eye (whitnalls ligament) allow for

A

A change in the course of the muscle from anterior-posterior to superior-inferior. Allowing it to perform its function

40
Q

Lacrimal gland is pre or post septal

A

Preseptal

41
Q

Smooth muscle that is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system

A

Muscle of muller (superior tarsal muscle)

42
Q

Where does the muscle of muller originate

A

On the levator and extends into the tarsal plate

43
Q

Functions of the muscle of muller

A

Minor retractor of the eyelid, widens the palpebral fissure by providing 1-3mm of upper eyelid lift

44
Q

Also innervated by the SNS and provides minor lower lid retraction (not muller)

A

Inferior tarsal muscle of the lower eye lid (analogous to muller muscle)

45
Q

Where does the inferior tarsal muscle of the lower eyelid originate

A

From the fascia sheath of the inferior rectus and extends into the tarsal plate

46
Q

Dense irregular layer of loose connective tissue that provides rigidity to the eyelids. Composed of horizontal and vertical collagen fibrils that surround the meibomian glands

A

Tarsal plate

47
Q

Very large sebaceous glands that are located posterior to the eyelash follicles within the tarsal plate

A

Meibomian glands

48
Q

The upper and lower tarsal plates combine medially and lateral to form the ______ and ______________

A

Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

49
Q

Where does the medial palpebral ligament attach

A

Maxillary bone

50
Q

Where does the lateral palpebral ligament attach to

A

Whitnalls ligament

51
Q

Inner lining of the eyelids that contains two layers

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

52
Q

What are the two layers of the palpebral conjunctiva

A
  1. Epithelial layer

2. Stroma

53
Q

Stratified outer protective layer that extends into the cornices and onto the bulbar conjunctiva and contains goblet cells

A

Epithelial layer of the palpebral conjunctiva

54
Q

Produce the mucin layer of the tear film

A

Goblet cells of the epithelial layer of the palpebral conjunctiva

55
Q

Loose vascularizes connective tissue composed of a superficial lymphoid layer and a deep fibrous layer

A

Stroma of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid

56
Q

What are the layers of the stroma of the palpebral conjunctiva

A
  • superficial lymphoid layer (very immunologically active)
  • deep fibrous layer (connects the conjunctiva to the underlying internal structures, contains the accessory lacrimal glands nerves and blood vessels of the eyelid)
57
Q

What is prone to allergies and inflammation?

A

Stroma layer of the palpebral conjunctiva

58
Q

The muscles of the eyelids include

A
  • orbicularis oculi muscle
  • levator palpebrae superioris muscle
  • superior palpebral muscle (mullers)
59
Q

Large sebaceous holocrine gland occupying the length of the tarsal plate that open along the lid margins just posterior to the eyelash follicle

A

Meibomian

60
Q

How many meibomian glands are there

A

25 in upper lid and 20 in the lower lid

61
Q

What do meibomian glands produce

A

Anterior lipid layer of the tear film

62
Q

What do the meibomian glands consist of

A

Each consists of 10-15 acini attached to a large central duct

63
Q

Composed of just one or two acini and are associated with the eyelash follicle. Generally 1-2 Zeis glands are Preston per follicle

A

Zeis

64
Q

Lubricate the eyelashes to prevent them from becoming brittle

A

Zeis

65
Q

Modified apocrine glands, are also located near the eyelash follicle

A

Moll

66
Q

Empty their contents onto follicles, Zeus glands, and the lid margin

A

Moll

67
Q

Accessory lacrimal glands that are located in the fornices

A

Glands of Krause (in the creases)

68
Q

Considered merocrine glands and secrete fluids in the same composition as the main lacrimal gland

A

Glands of Krause

69
Q

Accessory lacrimal glands that are larger than the glands of Krause

A

Glands of wolfring

70
Q

Where are the glands of wolfring located

A

Predominantly in the tarsal conjunctiva

71
Q

The free margin of the eyelids contain

A
  1. Lashes (cilia)
  2. Grey line
  3. Mucocutaneous junction
  4. Orifices of meibomian glands
  5. Superior and inferior puncti of mass-lacrimal system
72
Q

What eyelid has mor eeyelashes

A

Upper

73
Q

Color of eyelashes in comparison to scalp hair

A

Darker

74
Q

Eyelashes and age

A

Do not gray

75
Q

How often do the eyelashes replace

A

Every 100 to 150 days

76
Q

Eyelashes are richly supplied with -________ causing them to be sensitive to even the slightest touch, which will elicit a protective response, blink

A

Nerves

77
Q

How are the eyelashes arranged

A

In two or three road along the anterior edge of the eyelids and do not posses erector pili muscles

78
Q

The sebaceous glands of _____ open into each eyelash follicle

A

Zeis

79
Q

Behind and between the follicles modified sweat glands, the ciliary glands of ______, open into the follicles or onto the eyelid margin

A

Moll

80
Q

Voluntary motor innervation of the eyelid

A

Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, innervates the orbicularis oculi

81
Q

Involuntary motor innervation of the eyelid

A

SNS, innervates Muller

82
Q

Sensory innervation of upper eyelid

A

Innervated by the frontal and lacrimal branches of ophthalmic nerve

83
Q

Sensory innervate of the lower eyelid

A

Innervated by the infraorbital and zygomaticalfacial branches of V2

84
Q

Blood supply of the eyelids is derived from the facial system, whihc arises from the _______, and the orbital system whihc originates from the )___________

A

External carotid artery

Internal carotid artery

85
Q

The lateral and medial palpebral arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery that supply the deeper eyelid tissue

A

Internal carotid branches

86
Q

The facial artery branches off the external carotid and provides circulation to the superficial areas of the eyelid

A

External carotid branches

87
Q

Venous drainage of the eyelid

A

Veins of the eyelid parallel the arteries, they drain into the palpebral and ophthalmic veins

88
Q

Lymph drainage of most of the upper eyelid and the lateral half of the lower eyelid is to the

A

Preauricular lymph nodes

89
Q

Drainage of the medial portion of the upper eyelid and the medial portion of the lower lid drain into the _______ by way of vessels that follow the angular and facial vessels

A

Submandibular nodes

Ocular Block 5 (8 decks)

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