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Eyelids 1 & Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is this?

A

Herpes Zoaster Ophthalmicus

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2
Q

What is Herpes Zoaster Ophthalmicus caused by?

A

Varicella-zoster

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3
Q

What nerve does Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus follow?

A

Pain is distributed at the first division of the trigeminal nerve.

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4
Q

How should you treat Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

A

Oral Anti-Viral

Bacitracin BID for skin lesions

Rule out posterior seg involvment

Rule HIV by consulting with PCP

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5
Q

What is this and what does it mean?

A

Hutchinson’s Sign, there may be orbital involvement from Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.

Powerful predictor of ocular inflammation and corneal denervation.

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6
Q

What does Hutchinson’s Sign represent?

A

The dermatomes of the external nasal and infratrochlear branches of the nasociliary nerve.

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7
Q

What disease is this and what kind of infection causes it?

A

It’s an external hordeolum caused by an acute staphylcoccal infection of a lash follicle and its associated gland of Zeiss or Moll

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8
Q

What way does an external hordeolum point?

A

Anteriorly

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9
Q

What is the treatment for a hordeolum?

A

Warm compresses with lid massage for 10 minutes QID

Topical Antibiotics BID like Bacitracin and Erythromycin

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10
Q

What may happen if an external hordeolum is left untreated?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Chalazion

Preseptal Cellulitis

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11
Q

How is an internal hordeolum different from an external?

A

It points posteriorly and is an infection of the meibomian glands.

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12
Q

What disease is this?

A

Internal Hordeolum

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13
Q

What is this reaction called and what type is it?

A

This is contact dermatitis and it is a type IV hypersensitivty reaction

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14
Q

How does contact dermatitis affect the lids?

A

Periorbital edema

Erythema

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15
Q

How does contact dermatitis affect the conjunctiva?

A

Chemosis

Redness

Papillary Reaction

Watery Discharge

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16
Q

How do you treat contact dermatitis?

A

Stop exposure/re-exposure

PF artificial tears 4-8 x/day

Cool compresses 4-6 x/day

Oral antihistamines like diphenhydramine 25-50 mg pO TID-QID

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17
Q

What disease is this?

A

Trichiasis: A posterior misdirection of lashes rubbing against the globe

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18
Q

What can trichiasis lead to?

A

Punctate corneal epithelial erosions (PEE)

Ocular irritation that worsens with blinking

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19
Q

What is the most common treatment for trichiasis?

A

Epilation with forces q4-6 weeks

If PEE: antibiotic ointment TID (bacitracin, erythromycin)

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20
Q

What is epiblepharon?

A

Extra skin fold hiding lid

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21
Q

What is eublephron?

A

Horizontal lengthening with possible ectropion and lagophthalmos

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22
Q

What is crytopthalmos?

A

Failure of differentiation between lid and anterior eye structures

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23
Q

What is ablepharon?

A

Deficiency of anteriot layers of eyelid

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24
Q

What is ankyloblepharon?

A

Partial or complete fusion of lid margins

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25
What does BPES stand for?
Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus-inverses synd
26
What is associated with BPES?
AD Inheritance Shortened palpebral fissure Poor Levator function Absent lid fold Ptosis Telecanthus Hypoplasia of nasal bridge Amblyopia in 50%
27
What is anophthalmos?
Absense of globe
28
What is nanophthalmos or simple microphthalmus?
Small globe with normal structure
29
What is nanophthalmos associated with?
Angle closure glaucoma due to large lens relative to globe Hyperopia, amblyopia, strabismus
30
What is complex microphthalmos?
Nanopthalmos associated with another dysgenesis like coloboma
31
What is a major risk with microcornea?
Shallow A/C and risk of angle closure glaucoma
32
What is a major risk of megalocornea?
Risk of lens subluxation due to loose zonules
33
What is a major risk of cornea plana?
Associated with angle closure, scarring, vascularization, coloboma and cataract
34
What is this disease and why does it happen?
Coloboma Due to incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure/inferonasal
35
With aniridia, what is the probability of getting cataracts or glaucoma?
Cataract = 50-85% Glaucoma = 30-50%
36
What disease is this and what is associated with it?
Crouzon Syndrome A developmental disorder associated with shortened forhead development of the cranium, midfacial hypoplasia & prominent jaw, hypertelorism, proptosis, optic atrophy and exposure keratitis
37
What is Apert Syndrome?
Crouzon + Syndactyly
38
What is Pfeiffer Syndrome?
Crouzon + Syndactyly + Pointed Head
39
What disease is this and what is associated with it?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Short palpebral fissure Telecanthus Epicanthal folds Low nasal bridge Microphthalmos Strabismus Optic Nerve Anomaly Myopia Retardation Small birth weight
40
What are the dots on the peripheral of the iris called and what disease are they associated with?
Brushfield spots, Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
41
What ocular disorders can occur with Trisomy 21?
Cataract Brushfield Spots Myopia Strabismus Keratoconus
42
What ocular disorders are associated with Trisomy 17-18 (Edward's Sydrome)?
Cataract Ptosis Microphthalmos Cornea Opacity Coloboma's
43
How are Kunkmann Wolffian Bodies different from Brushfield Spots?
Occur in nomral eyes 15% of the time and most children Hypopigmented areas of the iris stroma Clinically indistinguishable from Brushfield spots
44
What are the ocular associations with Fabry Disease?
White to golden corneal opacities in a whorl pattern Posterior wedge shaped cataract Conjunctival corkscrew vessels Microaneurysm
45
What features of Fabry Disease are life threatening?
Renal Disease Cardiomyopathy
46
What are these pictures and example of?
Verticillata in a whorl pattern of Fabry Disease
47
What is this picture of?
Conjunctival corkscrew vessels
48
What is this picture of and why does it happen? What is it found in?
Kayser-Fleischer ring as a result of a defect in copper metabolism where Cu+ deposits in Descemet's peripherally. Found in Wilson Disease
49
How might Wilson Disease result in depth?
From Cu+ deposition in the liver resulting in cirrhosis and death May also lead to neurotoxicity
50
What are these pictures and example of?
Cystinosis of cystine crystal deposition
51
What is microspherophakia?
A congenital disease in which a small lens easily dislocates and may create a pupillary block.
52
What kind of cataract can galactosemia cause?
Oil droplet cataract
53
What kind of cataract can Fabry Disease cause?
Posterior wedge cataract
54
How can homocystinuria affect the lens?
Ectopia lentis - inferior subluxation
55
What may happen to the lens in Marfan Syndrome?
Ectopia lentis - superior subluxation
56
What may happen to the lens in Weill Marchesani Syndrome?
Ectopia lentis - inferior subluxation
57
What diseases may cause inferior subluxation of the lens?
Homocystinuria and Weill-Marchsani Syndrome
58
What is this picture and example of?
Ciprofloxacin chalky white deposits where epithelium is absent
59
What is this corneal dystrophy associated with?
Amiodarone Verticillata
60
What kind of deposits do these pictures represent?
Argyrosis of silver deposits in descemet's and the palpebral conjunctiva
61
What are these deposits associated with?
They are adrenochrome deposits from epinephrine drops
62
What ethnicities most commonly get ocular melanocytosis?
Afro-americans and asians
63
What ethnicity has the potential for ocular melanocytosis?
Caucasians
64
What disease is in this picture?
Ocular Melanocytosis
65
Name some blue sclera conditions.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Alkaptonuria
66
What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and what are the ocular conditions associated with it?
It is a Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction. Scleral thinning & fragility Epicanthal folds microcornea Keratoglobus Ectopia lentis Myopia **_Retinal Detachment_**
67
What may result from Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia)?
Nyctalopia (night blindness) \> **_Retinopathy_** Xerosis \> bitot spot & foamy keratinized epithelium Keratinization of the cornea
68

Ocular Disease (7 decks)

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