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Ocular Disease > Eyelids 1 & Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

Eyelids 1 & Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is this?

A

Herpes Zoaster Ophthalmicus

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2
Q

What is Herpes Zoaster Ophthalmicus caused by?

A

Varicella-zoster

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3
Q

What nerve does Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus follow?

A

Pain is distributed at the first division of the trigeminal nerve.

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4
Q

How should you treat Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

A

Oral Anti-Viral

Bacitracin BID for skin lesions

Rule out posterior seg involvment

Rule HIV by consulting with PCP

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5
Q

What is this and what does it mean?

A

Hutchinson’s Sign, there may be orbital involvement from Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.

Powerful predictor of ocular inflammation and corneal denervation.

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6
Q

What does Hutchinson’s Sign represent?

A

The dermatomes of the external nasal and infratrochlear branches of the nasociliary nerve.

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7
Q

What disease is this and what kind of infection causes it?

A

It’s an external hordeolum caused by an acute staphylcoccal infection of a lash follicle and its associated gland of Zeiss or Moll

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8
Q

What way does an external hordeolum point?

A

Anteriorly

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9
Q

What is the treatment for a hordeolum?

A

Warm compresses with lid massage for 10 minutes QID

Topical Antibiotics BID like Bacitracin and Erythromycin

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10
Q

What may happen if an external hordeolum is left untreated?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Chalazion

Preseptal Cellulitis

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11
Q

How is an internal hordeolum different from an external?

A

It points posteriorly and is an infection of the meibomian glands.

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12
Q

What disease is this?

A

Internal Hordeolum

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13
Q

What is this reaction called and what type is it?

A

This is contact dermatitis and it is a type IV hypersensitivty reaction

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14
Q

How does contact dermatitis affect the lids?

A

Periorbital edema

Erythema

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15
Q

How does contact dermatitis affect the conjunctiva?

A

Chemosis

Redness

Papillary Reaction

Watery Discharge

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16
Q

How do you treat contact dermatitis?

A

Stop exposure/re-exposure

PF artificial tears 4-8 x/day

Cool compresses 4-6 x/day

Oral antihistamines like diphenhydramine 25-50 mg pO TID-QID

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17
Q

What disease is this?

A

Trichiasis: A posterior misdirection of lashes rubbing against the globe

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18
Q

What can trichiasis lead to?

A

Punctate corneal epithelial erosions (PEE)

Ocular irritation that worsens with blinking

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19
Q

What is the most common treatment for trichiasis?

A

Epilation with forces q4-6 weeks

If PEE: antibiotic ointment TID (bacitracin, erythromycin)

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20
Q

What is epiblepharon?

A

Extra skin fold hiding lid

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21
Q

What is eublephron?

A

Horizontal lengthening with possible ectropion and lagophthalmos

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22
Q

What is crytopthalmos?

A

Failure of differentiation between lid and anterior eye structures

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23
Q

What is ablepharon?

A

Deficiency of anteriot layers of eyelid

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24
Q

What is ankyloblepharon?

A

Partial or complete fusion of lid margins

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25
Q

What does BPES stand for?

A

Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus-inverses synd

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26
Q

What is associated with BPES?

A

AD Inheritance

Shortened palpebral fissure

Poor Levator function

Absent lid fold

Ptosis

Telecanthus

Hypoplasia of nasal bridge

Amblyopia in 50%

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27
Q

What is anophthalmos?

A

Absense of globe

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28
Q

What is nanophthalmos or simple microphthalmus?

A

Small globe with normal structure

29
Q

What is nanophthalmos associated with?

A

Angle closure glaucoma due to large lens relative to globe

Hyperopia, amblyopia, strabismus

30
Q

What is complex microphthalmos?

A

Nanopthalmos associated with another dysgenesis like coloboma

31
Q

What is a major risk with microcornea?

A

Shallow A/C and risk of angle closure glaucoma

32
Q

What is a major risk of megalocornea?

A

Risk of lens subluxation due to loose zonules

33
Q

What is a major risk of cornea plana?

A

Associated with angle closure, scarring, vascularization, coloboma and cataract

34
Q

What is this disease and why does it happen?

A

Coloboma

Due to incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure/inferonasal

35
Q

With aniridia, what is the probability of getting cataracts or glaucoma?

A

Cataract = 50-85%

Glaucoma = 30-50%

36
Q

What disease is this and what is associated with it?

A

Crouzon Syndrome

A developmental disorder associated with shortened forhead development of the cranium, midfacial hypoplasia & prominent jaw, hypertelorism, proptosis, optic atrophy and exposure keratitis

37
Q

What is Apert Syndrome?

A

Crouzon + Syndactyly

38
Q

What is Pfeiffer Syndrome?

A

Crouzon + Syndactyly + Pointed Head

39
Q

What disease is this and what is associated with it?

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Short palpebral fissure

Telecanthus

Epicanthal folds

Low nasal bridge

Microphthalmos

Strabismus

Optic Nerve Anomaly

Myopia

Retardation

Small birth weight

40
Q

What are the dots on the peripheral of the iris called and what disease are they associated with?

A

Brushfield spots, Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

41
Q

What ocular disorders can occur with Trisomy 21?

A

Cataract

Brushfield Spots

Myopia

Strabismus

Keratoconus

42
Q

What ocular disorders are associated with Trisomy 17-18 (Edward’s Sydrome)?

A

Cataract

Ptosis

Microphthalmos

Cornea Opacity

Coloboma’s

43
Q

How are Kunkmann Wolffian Bodies different from Brushfield Spots?

A

Occur in nomral eyes 15% of the time and most children

Hypopigmented areas of the iris stroma

Clinically indistinguishable from Brushfield spots

44
Q

What are the ocular associations with Fabry Disease?

A

White to golden corneal opacities in a whorl pattern

Posterior wedge shaped cataract

Conjunctival corkscrew vessels

Microaneurysm

45
Q

What features of Fabry Disease are life threatening?

A

Renal Disease

Cardiomyopathy

46
Q

What are these pictures and example of?

A

Verticillata in a whorl pattern of Fabry Disease

47
Q

What is this picture of?

A

Conjunctival corkscrew vessels

48
Q

What is this picture of and why does it happen?

What is it found in?

A

Kayser-Fleischer ring as a result of a defect in copper metabolism where Cu+ deposits in Descemet’s peripherally.

Found in Wilson Disease

49
Q

How might Wilson Disease result in depth?

A

From Cu+ deposition in the liver resulting in cirrhosis and death

May also lead to neurotoxicity

50
Q

What are these pictures and example of?

A

Cystinosis of cystine crystal deposition

51
Q

What is microspherophakia?

A

A congenital disease in which a small lens easily dislocates and may create a pupillary block.

52
Q

What kind of cataract can galactosemia cause?

A

Oil droplet cataract

53
Q

What kind of cataract can Fabry Disease cause?

A

Posterior wedge cataract

54
Q

How can homocystinuria affect the lens?

A

Ectopia lentis - inferior subluxation

55
Q

What may happen to the lens in Marfan Syndrome?

A

Ectopia lentis - superior subluxation

56
Q

What may happen to the lens in Weill Marchesani Syndrome?

A

Ectopia lentis - inferior subluxation

57
Q

What diseases may cause inferior subluxation of the lens?

A

Homocystinuria and Weill-Marchsani Syndrome

58
Q

What is this picture and example of?

A

Ciprofloxacin chalky white deposits where epithelium is absent

59
Q

What is this corneal dystrophy associated with?

A

Amiodarone

Verticillata

60
Q

What kind of deposits do these pictures represent?

A

Argyrosis of silver deposits in descemet’s and the palpebral conjunctiva

61
Q

What are these deposits associated with?

A

They are adrenochrome deposits from epinephrine drops

62
Q

What ethnicities most commonly get ocular melanocytosis?

A

Afro-americans and asians

63
Q

What ethnicity has the potential for ocular melanocytosis?

A

Caucasians

64
Q

What disease is in this picture?

A

Ocular Melanocytosis

65
Q

Name some blue sclera conditions.

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Alkaptonuria

66
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and what are the ocular conditions associated with it?

A

It is a Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction.

Scleral thinning & fragility

Epicanthal folds

microcornea

Keratoglobus

Ectopia lentis

Myopia

Retinal Detachment

67
Q

What may result from Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia)?

A

Nyctalopia (night blindness) > Retinopathy

Xerosis > bitot spot & foamy keratinized epithelium

Keratinization of the cornea

68
Q
A

Ocular Disease (7 decks)

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