Eyelid Pathology Flashcards
Identify the Pathology
Entropion
Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid is rolled inward toward the eye. It can occur as a result of advancing age and weakening of certain eyelid muscles.
may also occur as a result of trauma, scarring, or previous surgeries.
Identify the Pathology
Chalazion
A chalazion results from the obstruction of the one or more meibomian glands.
he blockage of the gland’s duct at the eyelid margin results in release of the contents of the gland into the surrounding eyelid soft tissue.
Identify the Pathology
Trichiasis
Trichiasis, a common lid abnormality, is defined as the misdirection of eyelashes toward the globe. The misdirected lashes may be diffuse across the entire lid or in a small segmental distribution.
Identify the Pathology
Anterior Blepharitis
Anterior blepharitis affects the outer part of the front of the eyelids with crusting of the lashes and inflammation of the lids.
Caused by staphylococcal infection or seborrheic disease
Identify the Pathology
Hordeolum
A hordeolum, also known as a stye, is an erythematous, tender lump within the eyelid
Contact lenses should not be worn until the hordeolum or chalazion resolves, as the movement of lenses increases the discomfort.
Identify the Pathology
Ectropion
Ectropion is a condition in which the lower lid turns out away from the globe. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation.
more common in older adults; however, if it may occur in a younger patients.
contact lens fitting may be contraindicated if the contact lenses do not center, or the tear reservoir is not adequate for ocular comfort and health.
Identify the Pathology
Lagophthalmos
Lagophthalmos is the inability to fully close eyelids. These patients usually present with symptoms of dry and irritated eyes. Lagophthalmos causes corneal exposure and subsequent keratopathy, which may progress to corneal ulceration and infectious keratitis.
Identify the Pathology
Blepharoptosis (Ptosis)
Drooping of the margin of the eyelid, or blepharoptosis (ptosis) may cause functional vision loss, depending on the severity of the condition. Etiology includes age-related changes of the levator muscle, Horner’s syndrome, third cranial nerve palsy, myasthenia gravis and trauma.
Identify the Pathology
Posterior blepharitis
affects the underside of the front of the eyelids and the meibomian gland.
Glands over-secrete oily substance and become blocked or plugged
may also be associated with acne rosacea or with seborrheic dermatitis.
Identify the Pathology
Graves Disease
The normal resting position of the upper lid is 2 mm below the junction of the superior cornea with the sclera, and that of the lower lid is at the junction of the inferior cornea with the sclera. The most common cause of eyelid retraction is thyroid ophthalmopathy (Graves’ disease.) Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that can cause over-activity of the thyroid, a condition known as hyperthyroidism.
