Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FRCOphth part 1 Anatomy of the Ocular appendages > Eyebrows and Eyelids > Flashcards

Eyebrows and Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the eyebrows lie?

A

At the junction of the forehead and the upper lid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the medial end of each eyebrow arch usually lie?

A

Just inferior to the orbital margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the lateral end of each eyebrow arch lie?

A

Above the orbital margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the direction of the hairs in the eyebrows?

A

Thick and directed horizontally laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which muscle raises the eyebrows?

A

Frontalis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which muscle lowers the eyebrows?

A

Orbital part of the orbicularis oculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which muscle draws the eyebrows medially?

A

Corrugator supercilii muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What supplies the muscles controlling eyebrow movement?

A

Seventh cranial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the arterial supply of the eyebrows?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the veins draining the eyebrows enter?

A

Facial vein via the angular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does lymphatic drainage from the lateral end of the eyebrows go vs the medial end?

A

Lateral - Superficial parotid nodes
Medial - Submandibular nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

A trophic disorder in which patches of hair are lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In hypothyroidism, where is hair loss in the eyebrows most recognized?

A

Outer third of the eyebrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may happen to the skin wound in eyebrow lacerations?

A

The skin wound may gape open due to the pull of muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What muscles may be involved in eyebrow lacerations?

A
  • Frontalis
  • Corrugator supercilii
  • Orbicularis oculi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In what order should the eyebrow be closed after a laceration?

A
  • Muscle
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fill in the blank: The eyebrow is usually burst open as a result of a _______.

A

[blunt object striking the skin against the underlying frontal bone]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 functions of the eyelids?

A

1) Protect the eye from injury
2) protect eye from excessive light
3) aid in tear distribution when blinking

Eyelids also assist in the distribution of tears.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the superior palpebral sulcus? What forms this sulcus?

A

A horizontal furrow dividing the eyelid into orbital and tarsal parts

Formed by the insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurotic fibers into the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What differentiates the sulcus of the upper eyelid from that of the lower eyelid? What forms this sulcus

A

Upper eyelid sulcus is more pronounced; lower eyelid sulcus is less obvious

The lower eyelid sulcus is produced by connections between the skin and orbicularis oculi muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the lateral and medial sulci seen in older individuals?

A

Lateral/malar sulcus and medial/naso-jugal sulcus

They are produced by the skin being tethered to the underlying periosteum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which eyelid is larger and more mobile?

A

The upper eyelid

This difference in size and mobility affects their function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the medial and lateral angles of the eyelids called?

A

Canthi

The eyelids meet at these angles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the palpebral fissure?

A

The elliptical opening between the eyelids

It serves as the entrance into the conjunctival sac.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What angle does the palpebral fissure form when wide open?

A

About 60 degrees laterally and rounded medially

This angle varies slightly among different ethnic groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does the height of the lateral canthus compare to the medial canthus in different ethnicities?

A

In whites and blacks, lateral canthus is about 2 mm higher thank medial canthus; in Orientals, about 5 mm higher than medial canthus

This reflects anatomical variations in eyelid structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the palpebral fissure widest?

A

At the junction of the medial third with the lateral two-thirds in whites and blacks; in Orientals, halfway aloing its length

This anatomical feature is significant for understanding eyelid morphology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the medial angle of the eye overlapped by in Orientals?

A

A vertical skin fold, the epicanthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When the eye is closed, what does the upper eyelid cover?

A

The cornea of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When the eye is open and looking straight ahead, what does the upper lid cover?

A

The upper margin of the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where does the lower lid lie when the eye is open?

A

Just below the cornea

lower lid doesn’t move up much on closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the relationship between the lateral angle of the eye and the eyeball?

A

The lateral angle is directly in contact with the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How far medially from the eyeball does the medial rounded angle lie?

A

About 6 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the small triangular space between the eyelids called at the medial canthus?

A

Lacus lacrimalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the small, pinkish elevation in the center of the lacus lacrimalis?

A

Caruncula lacrimalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the name of the semi-lunar fold on the lateral side of the caruncle?

A

Plica semilunaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the thickness and length of the margin of each eyelid?

A

About 2 mm thick and 30 mm long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What portion of the eyelid margin has squared edges?

A

The ciliary portion (lateral five-sixths)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What portion of the eyelid margin has rounded edges?

A

The lacrimal portion (medial one-sixth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the small elevation about 5 mm from the medial angle called?

A

Papilla lacrimalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the small hole on the summit of the papilla lacrimalis called?

A

Punctum lacrimale

Sits in lacus lacrimalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the diameter range of the punctum lacrimale?

A

Approximately 0.4 to 0.8 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does the punctum lacrimale lead into?

A

Canaliculus lacrimalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What do the punctum and canaliculus lacrimale serve to carry?

A

Tears down into the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How are the eyelashes arranged on the upper and lower lids? How many roughly on each lid?

A

Upper lid: longer and curve upward (150); Lower lid: curve downward (75)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What type of glands are located just in front of the posterior edge of the margin of the lids?

A

Tarsal glands (meibomian glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How many tarsal glands are typically found in each eyelid?

A

About 20 to 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What do the orifices of the tarsal glands mark?

A

The site of junction between the skin and the conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What represents the line of demarcation between the anterior and posterior portions of the eyelid?

A

A grayish line or slight sulcus

Anterior portion = skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis; posterior = tarsus and conj

This line runs along the eyelid margin between the eyelashes and the openings of the tarsal glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the significance of the line of demarcation in surgical procedures?

A

It serves as a plane along which the eyelid may be split with minimal scarring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

List the structure of the eyelid from superficial to deep

A

1) Skin
2) Subcutaneous tissue
3) Striated Muscle of orbicularis oculi
4) Tarsal plates
5) Smooth muscle
6) Conjunctiva

(levator palpebrase superioris also inserts into upper lid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What microscopic features are found in the skin of the eyelids?

A

Small hairs, sebaceous glands (zeiss), small sweat glands (moll), numerous melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What happens to the dermis at the margin of the eyelid?

A

Becomes denser and the papillae are higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Where does the skin of the eyelids become continuous with the conjunctiva?

A

In front of the posterior edge at the site of the orifices of the tarsal/meibomian glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How many eyelashes are typically found on the upper and lower eyelids?

A

150 in the upper lid and 75 in the lower lid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What characteristics do eyelashes have compared to scalp hairs?

A

Darker, do not become gray with age, replaced every 100 to 150 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How are the hair follicles arranged along the eyelids?

A

In two or three rows along the anterior edge

58
Q

What type of muscles do the hair follicles of the eyelids lack?

A

Erector pili muscles

59
Q

What glands open into each eyelash follicle?

A

Sebaceous glands of Zeis

60
Q

What are the modified sweat glands associated with the eyelashes called?

A

Ciliary glands of Moll

Open into follicle or onto eyelid margin

61
Q

Describe the subcutaneous tissue of the eyelids.

A

Very loose and rich in elastic fibers; almost devoid of fat in caucasians

62
Q

What is the structure of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Flat, elliptical muscle surrounding the orbital margin

63
Q

What are the three parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Orbital part - extends onto temporal region and cheek
palpebral portion - eyelids
lacrimal portion - behind lacrimal sac

64
Q

What type of muscle is the orbicularis oculi?

A

Striated muscle

65
Q

What is the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle composed of?

A

Thin bundles of fibers

66
Q

From where do the fibers of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle arise?

A

Medial palpebral ligament (from superficial and deep surface of ligament. NOT from lower margin!) and neighboring bone

Sweep laterally and concentrically across the eyelids and in front of the orbital septum

67
Q

What is located at the lateral angle of the eye regarding the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

The fibers interlace at the lateral palpebral raphe

68
Q

What small group of fine muscle fibers is found at the lid margin?

A

Ciliary muscle

69
Q

What lies beneath the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

A thin layer of connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves of eyelid

70
Q

Which branches of the facial nerve supply the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Where fo they enter the muscle from?

A

Temporal and zygomatic branches

Enter deep surface of muscle from lateral side

71
Q

What is the action of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Pulls skin of forehead, temple, and cheek like pursestring, pulling it toward the medial angle of the orbit

This action is largely voluntary but can contract reflexively.

72
Q

What is the function of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Closes the eyelids, lowers the upper lid, and raises the lower lid

Its action is both voluntary and involuntary, contributing to the blinking reflex.

73
Q

What role does the lacrimal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle play?

A

Pulls eyelids medially and pulls lacrimal fascia to dilate the lacrimal sac

This action helps in tear pumping and positioning the puncta lacrimalia.

74
Q

What is the orbital septum?

A

A membranous sheet that separates eyelids from orbital contents

It is attached to the orbital margin and continuous with the periosteum.

75
Q

What are the tarsal plates?

A

Thickening of orbital septum. Forms dense fibrous tissue in the eyelids providing firmness and shape

The upper tarsal plate is larger and crescent-shaped, while the lower is smaller.

76
Q

How does the size of the upper tarsal plate compare to the lower tarsal plate?

A

The upper tarsal plate is about 10 mm in height, while the lower is about 5 mm

Both plates narrow toward their ends.

77
Q

What is attached at the upper border of the superior tarsal plate?

A

orbital septum
Smooth muscle fibres of levator palebrae superioris

78
Q

What is the function of the medial palpebral ligament?

Describe its borders

A

Attaches medial ends of the tarsi to the lacrimal crest and frontal process of the maxilla

It has an indefinite upper border and a thick lower border.

79
Q

True or False: The lateral palpebral ligament attaches the lateral ends of the tarsi to the zygomatic bone.

A

True

DO NOT CONFUSE WITH LATERAL PALPEBRAL RAPHE

It connects to the marginal tubercle on the orbital margin formed by the zygomatic bone.

80
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle is responsible for the blinking reflex.

A

palpebral

The reflex is initiated by drying of the cornea.

81
Q

What happens to the skin during the action of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

It is thrown into prominent folds that overlap the eyelids

This provides additional protection to the underlying eye.

82
Q

What is the antagonist muscle to the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle

The palpebral portion’s antagonist is the levator palpebrae superioris.

83
Q

What muscle is responsible for raising the upper eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

This muscle is distinct from the lower eyelid and plays a critical role in eyelid elevation.

84
Q

What is the anatomical structure that descends into the upper lid posterior to the orbital septum?

A

Aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris

This tendon of insertion is wider than the muscle belly itself.

85
Q

What are the medial and lateral expansions of the aponeurosis called?

A

Horns

These expansions are important for the muscle’s attachment and function.

86
Q

What anatomical feature does the lateral horn of the levator palpebrae superioris indent?

A

Lacrimal gland

This indentation creates a division of the lacrimal gland into palpebral and orbital portions.

87
Q

What is the primary nerve supply to the striated part of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Superior branch of the oculomotor nerve

This nerve is crucial for the muscle’s function in eyelid elevation.

88
Q

What is the function of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Further elevation of the upper lid during fear or excitement

This smooth muscle is affected by sympathetic nerve supply.

89
Q

What condition results from division of the cervical sympathetic nerve affecting the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Ptosis

This condition is characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid.

90
Q

What are the names of the fascial spaces present in the eyelids?

A

Subcutaneous, submuscular, pretarsal, preseptal

These spaces are named according to their anatomical positions.

91
Q

From which artery do the lateral palpebral arteries arise?

A

Lacrimal artery

The lacrimal artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery.

92
Q

Fill in the blank: The medial palpebral arteries arise from the _______.

A

Ophthalmic artery

This occurs below the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle.

93
Q

True or False: The medial horn of the levator palpebrae superioris fuses with the orbital septum.

A

True

This fusion helps in stabilizing the muscle’s action on the eyelid.

94
Q

What arteries supply blood to the eyelids?

A

The arteries that supply blood to the eyelids are branches from the ophthalmic artery

These arteries pass behind the lacrimal sac and enter the eyelids, forming arches.

95
Q

How do the branches of the eyelid arteries connect with other arteries?

A

The branches anastomose with the lateral palpebral arteries and with branches of the superficial temporal, transverse facial, and infraorbital arteries

This connection helps ensure a rich blood supply to the eyelids.

96
Q

What is the venous drainage of the eyelids?

A

The veins of the eyelids drain medially into the ophthalmic and angular veins and laterally into the superficial temporal vein

The veins are larger and more numerous than the arteries.

97
Q

Where do the lymphatic vessels from the lateral two-thirds of the eyelids drain?

A

The lymphatic vessels from the lateral two-thirds of the upper and lower lids drain into the superficial parotid nodes

This drainage is part of the lymphatic system’s role in immune defense.

98
Q

Where do the lymphatic vessels from the medial angle of the eyelids drain?

A

The lymphatic vessels from the medial angle drain into the submandibular nodes

This indicates a difference in drainage patterns between the medial and lateral aspects of the eyelids.

99
Q

What provides the sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelids?

A

The sensory nerve supply to the upper lids is from the infratrochlear, supratrochlear, supraorbital, and lacrimal nerves from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

These nerves are responsible for sensation in the upper eyelid area.

100
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin of the lower eyelid at the medial angle?

A

The skin of the lower lid is supplied by the infratrochlear branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

This branch specifically targets the medial aspect of the lower lid.

101
Q

Which nerves supply the remainder of the lower eyelid?

A

The remainder of the lower lid is supplied by branches of the infraorbital nerve, the terminal portion of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

This highlights the complexity of nerve supply in the facial region.

102
Q

What muscle is innervated by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve?

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle

This muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids.

103
Q

Which nerve fibers supply the smooth muscle of the eyelids?

A

Sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

These fibers innervate the superior and inferior tarsal muscles.

104
Q

What determines the position of the eyelids at rest?

A

Tone of the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris muscles and the position of the eyeball

This balance affects how much of the iris is covered by the eyelids.

105
Q

When looking forward with eyes open, how much of the iris is covered by the upper lid?

A

About half the width of the superior portion of the iris

The lower lid crosses the lower edge of the cornea.

106
Q

What happens to the palpebral fissure during times of fear or excitement?

A

It is further widened by increased tone of the smooth muscle fibers of the superior and inferior tarsal muscles

This response is part of the body’s reaction to heightened emotions.

107
Q

How does one close the eyelids?

A

By contracting the orbicularis oculi and relaxing the levator palpebrae superioris muscles

This muscle action is essential for blinking and closing the eyes.

108
Q

What muscle contracts to open the eye?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

This muscle raises the upper lid.

109
Q

What occurs when looking upward?

A

The levator palpebrae superioris contracts and the upper lid moves with the eyeball

The lower lid rises slightly but lags behind the eyeball.

110
Q

What pulls the lower lid downward when looking downward?

A

Contraction of the inferior rectus muscle

This muscle pulls the conjunctiva downward, affecting the lower lid position.

111
Q

What is a significant characteristic of the skin of the eyelids?

A

Extreme thinness

This makes matching grafting skin from other areas difficult.

112
Q

What condition is characterized by occlusion of the tarsal gland openings?

A

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

It leads to reduced secretion and can cause dry eye.

113
Q

What results from chronic inflammation of a tarsal gland?

A

Chalazion

This condition presents as a localized, progressive, painless swelling of the lid.

114
Q

What is the recommended treatment for a chalazion?

A

Incision through the conjunctival surface of the lid

This is because the gland lies on the conjunctival surface of the tarsal plate.

115
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for closing the eyelids.

A

Orbicularis oculi

This muscle plays a crucial role in eyelid movements.

116
Q

What is an external hordeolum?

A

An acute infection of a lash follicle or a sebaceous gland (of Zeis) or a ciliary sweat gland (of Moll) that drains externally to the skin surface of the lid.

External hordeolum is commonly known as a stye.

117
Q

What is an internal hordeolum?

A

An acute infection of a tarsal gland (of Meibom) that drains through the conjunctival surface of the lid.

Internal hordeolum is less common than external hordeolum.

118
Q

What results from paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Prevents closure of the eye, permits the lower lid to sag (ectropion), and causes tears to escape over the lower lid (epiphora).

This paralysis can result from a lesion of the seventh cranial nerve.

119
Q

What is ptosis?

A

Severe drooping of the upper eyelid.

It can be caused by paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.

120
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

A condition associated with ptosis, constriction of the pupil, and enophthalmos, resulting from a lesion of the cervical part of the sympathetic nervous system.

It indicates disruption of sympathetic nerve pathways.

121
Q

What is the function of the orbital septum?

A

Separates the lid connective tissue spaces from the orbital contents and forms a barrier to prevent infection.

It also holds the orbital fat in position.

122
Q

What are tarsal plates?

A

Dense connective tissue structures that give the eyelids shape and support.

They limit distortion from scar tissue formation following surgery.

123
Q

What are the subcutaneous pretarsal and preseptal spaces?

A

Potential areas for accumulation of blood or inflammatory exudate in the eyelids.

The preseptal space is not continuous with the potential space of the scalp.

124
Q

Fill in the blank: Paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle is associated with _______.

A

[severe drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis)]

125
Q

True or False: The orbital septum is strongest on the medial side of the lower lid.

A

False

The orbital septum is weakest on the medial side of the lower lid.

126
Q

What causes tears to escape over the lower lid?

A

Paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

This is also referred to as epiphora.

127
Q

What is the last part of the cornea to be covered by the eyelids during a protective reflex?

A

Just below the center of the cornea

The cornea moves upward with approaching danger, which may lead to unexpected damage.

128
Q

How does corneal damage differ in the elderly?

A

It may be more extensive due to poor tone of the orbicularis oculi

This can result in less effective closure of the eyelids.

129
Q

Where do the sensory nerves to the eyelids run?

A

In the areolar tissue beneath the orbicularis oculi muscle

Local anesthetic must be injected deep to this muscle to block these nerves.

130
Q

What is the gray line in the eyelid?

A

The area between the rows of eyelashes and the orifices of the tarsal glands

It appears gray due to relative avascularity.

131
Q

What are the two portions of the eyelid split during surgery?

A
  • Anterior portion
  • Posterior portion

The anterior consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and orbicularis oculi muscle; the posterior consists of tarsal plates, orbital septum, and conjunctiva.

132
Q

What is the typical tissue loss in eyelid lacerations?

A

Usually little or no tissue loss occurs

Necrosis of lid tissue is rare due to the excellent blood supply.

133
Q

What should be avoided during the treatment of eyelid lacerations to prevent ectropion?

A

Debridement

Correct alignment of the posterior lid margin is essential to avoid deformity.

134
Q

What is the order of closure for through-and-through lacerations of the eyelid?

A
  • Suturing the conjunctiva and tarsal plate first
  • Suturing the muscle and skin as a single layer

The posterior lid margin suture should be placed first and its ends left long for traction.

135
Q

What is required for lacerations involving the lacrimal canaliculus?

A

Placement of a stent within the lumen

This helps maintain the function of the canaliculus.

136
Q

How can lacerations parallel to the lid margins be closed?

A

With simple interrupted sutures

This minimizes the risk of an unsightly scar due to the alignment with the pull of the orbicularis muscle.

137
Q

What is the protocol for reconstructing the eyelid after excision of a small tumor?

A

The skin incision can be closed directly if 25 percent or less of the eyelid margin is removed

Care must be taken to avoid undue tension.

138
Q

What happens when there is excessive laxity of the eyelids during tumor excision?

A

Larger areas of the eyelids may be removed and the margins directly united

This is more common in older patients.

139
Q

What is the purpose of inserting the first suture into the posterior lid margin?

A

To avoid deformity

This technique is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the eyelid after surgery.

140
Q

What is done with the ends of the first suture after insertion?

A

Left long for traction

This provides better control during the surgical procedure.

141
Q

What type of surgery may be required for larger tumors on the eyelids?

A

Plastic surgery with rotational cheek skin flaps

This method helps to cover larger defects created by tumor removal.

142
Q

Fill in the blank: Larger tumors requiring the removal of much larger areas of the eyelids may require _______.

A

[plastic surgery with rotational cheek skin flaps]

FRCOphth part 1 Anatomy of the Ocular appendages (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions