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Ocular A&P > Eyebrow Structure > Flashcards

Eyebrow Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Where are eyebrows located?

A

Between the superior orbital rim and superior unchallenged line

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2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the eyebrows?

A

Skin, dense CT, muscle, loose CT, periosteum

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the skin of the eyebrows?

A

Barrier to outside environment, preventing microbes from causing infections in underlying tissues

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4
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

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5
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Outer avascular layer, composed of many cells, attached to basement membrane

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6
Q

What cells make up the epidermis of the eyebrow?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan, Merkel

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7
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Epithelial cell, 90% of the epidermis, produce fibrous protein keratin that provides structure and water resistant properties

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of keratinocytes in progressive stages of differentiation?

A

Stratum basal (inner) spinous, granulosum, corneum

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9
Q

What is stratum basal?

A

Inner epithelial cell layer of keratinocytes, the only cells in the layer that undergo mitosis and then migrate through other layers

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10
Q

What is stratum granulosum?

A

The layer of the keratinocytes in the epidermis where cells lose their nucleus and become more flattened

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11
Q

What is stratum corneum?

A

The outer keratinocyte layer of the epidermis composed of dead, flattened cells filled with keratin, cells shed every few weeks (desquamation)

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12
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin pigment that filters UV light

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13
Q

What are langerhans cells?

A

A WBC in the epidermis playing a role in the immune response

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14
Q

What is a merkel cell?l

A

Attached to nerve endings in the epidermis to form “light touch” receptors

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15
Q

What does the basement membrane attached to the epidermis do?

A

Connects epithelial cells to the underlying dermis, serves as a partial barrier allowing only water and small molecules to pass into the dermis

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16
Q

What is the dermis of the eyebrow skin?

A

Connective tissue, WBCs, and adrenal structures

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17
Q

What makes up connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, adhesive proteins, ground substance

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18
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Cells that produce collagen and elastin

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19
Q

What is collagen?

A

Protein providing structure and tensile strength

20
Q

What is elastin?

A

Protein providing elasticity and enabling movement

21
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Transparent gel composed of water, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans

22
Q

What is the role of ground substance?

A

Connective tissue elements are embedded in it and substances travel through it

23
Q

What are a decal structures of the dermis?

A

Hair follicles, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

24
Q

What is the first body hair produced during embryologic development?

A

Eyebrows

25
Q

What is the hypodermis of the eyebrow composed of?

A

Adipose and loose connective tissue

26
Q

What is dense connective tissue made of?

A

Fibroblasts, collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, adhesive proteins, ground substance

27
Q

What does dense CT do?

A

Connects skin to underlying muscle and contains arteries, veins, and nerves supplying the eyebrows

28
Q

What for muscles influence eyebrow contour and position?

A

Frontalis, Corrugator, Procerus, and orbicularis oculi

29
Q

What innervates the four muscles of the eyebrow?

A

voluntary muscles, CN VII facial

30
Q

What is the frontalis?

A

Vertical fibers originate high on scalp and insert near the Supra orbital margin

31
Q

What does the frontalis do?

A

Elevates the brow “surprise”

32
Q

What is the Corrugator?

A

Oblique fibers originate from the supraciliary arch and insert into the medial forehead

33
Q

What does the corrugator do?

A

Depresses the medial brows forming vertical wrinkles in the glabella (look of trouble or concentration)

34
Q

What is the procerus?

A

Vertical fibers originate from the nasal bone and insert into the medial forehead

35
Q

What does the procerus do?

A

Depresses the medial brows forming a horizontal wrinkle across the bridge of the nose (look of menace or aggression)

36
Q

What is the orbicularis oculi?

A

Oblique fibers originate from the medial orbital rim (maxillary and lacrimal bones) to encircle the eye and insert into the lateral palpebral ligament

37
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi do?

A

Depresses the brows and protracts (closes) the eyelids

38
Q

What is loose CT of the eyebrows composed of?

A

Fibroblasts, collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, adhesive proteins, ground substance

39
Q

What is the purpose of the loose CT of the tissue?

A

Connects the top 3 layers (tightly bound to each other) to the underlying periosteum

40
Q

Why is the loose CT of the eyebrow considered the danger zone?

A

Pus and blood can spread easily in this layer and infections can pass into the cranial cavity through veins

41
Q

What area of the eyebrows is considered the danger zone?

A

Loose connective tissue

42
Q

What is the periosteum of the eyebrow composed of?

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue (fibroblasts, collagenous fibers, ground substance), osteogenic cells and osteoblasts

43
Q

What are osteogenic cells?

A

Stem cells that divide and differentiate into osteoblasts that form the bone matrix

44
Q

What does the periosteum cover?

A

Bone

45
Q

What are the 4 roles of the eyebrows?

A

Shields liquids from dripping into the eye, shields from bright light above, plays a role in aging, crucial to facial expressions

Ocular A&P (4 decks)

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