Eye & Vision Assessment

Question 0

Distance vision normal findings?

Answer 0

At 20ft from chart client can read smallest line with or without corrected lenses. (Recorded as 20/20)

Question 1

Used to assess distance vision

Answer 1

Shellen or E chart

Question 2

Most common cause of change in distance vision?

Answer 2

Myopia (near-sightedness)

Example recording 20/100 meaning client has to stand 20 feet from chart to read what someone with normal vision could read at 100ft

Question 3

Used for clients with limited English proficiency or impaired developmental level in which the Snellen Chart may be challenging.

Answer 3

E Chart

Chart with all E that are turned in different directions.

Question 4

Used to assess near vision?

Answer 4

Rosenbaum Chart or card with Newsprint held 12-14 inches from eye’s.

Question 5

Normal near visual acuity is 14/14

Answer 5

Near Vision Assessment normal findings.

Question 6

Near Vision Assessment Abnormal findings.

Answer 6

~Patient is only able to read lines larger than 14/14 line with one or both eyes
~Tilting head, squinting eyes, or moving the card around may be an indication that the patient is having difficult reading card.

Question 7

Often seen in patients over age 45, can indicate patient is suffering from Presbyopia that’s caused by loss of elasticity of lens related to age.

Answer 7

Impairment of near vision

Question 8

Younger patients experiencing impaired near vision is referred to as what?

Answer 8

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

Question 9

Normal Findings: Eyes should move through each field without involuntary movements.

Answer 9

Eye Movement, Assessing the cardinal fields of vision.

Question 10

Possible indication of extraocular muscle weakness or cranial nerve dysfunction.

Answer 10

Failure of one of or both eyes to follow the object in any given direction.

Question 11

An involuntary rhythmic movement of eyes, associated with neurological disorders & the use of some medications.

Answer 11

Nystagmus

Question 12

Better assessed with bright color light or toy to capture attention in infants & toddlers.

Answer 12

Cardinal Fields of Vision-Eye Movement Assessment

Question 13

Assess for ______________ using the cover-uncover test.

Answer 13

Strabismus

Question 14

Normal Findings in Cover-Uncover Test

Answer 14

Uncovered Eye remains fixed straight ahead as well as the covered eye when uncovered

Question 15

Eyes remain fixed straight ahead when uncovered

Answer 15

Cover-Uncover Test normal findings

Question 16

Deviation of one eye from the other when individual is focusing on an object

Answer 16

Abnormal findings when assessing for Strabismus

Question 17

Considered normal in newborns, but if it persists past 3 months should be assessed.

Answer 17

Strabismus

Question 18

Ask patient to follow an object as you move it toward the patient’s eyes.

Answer 18

Convergence
Both eyes should move towards the center.
Failure to do so may indicate a neuromuscular disorder or improper eye alignment.

Question 19

Commonly diagnosed in schools aged children that experience difficulty reading, may be interpreted as a learning disability rather than a vision problem.

Answer 19

Convergence

Question 20

Corneal Light Reflex Assessment Desired outcome

Answer 20

Equal reflection of light from each eye

Question 21

Corneal light reflex abnormal findings reveal?

Answer 21

Improper Eye Alignment

~difficult to assess in children bc looking straight ahead requires cooperation.

Question 22

Pupil Assessment:

Observing size & equality

Answer 22

Pupils should be of equal size, 3-5mm.

Question 23

May indicate a severe neurological problem such as increased cranial pressure.

Answer 23

Anisocoria (unequal pupil size)

~may also be a normal finding, especially in newborns. If no other symptoms, then there may be no under-lying pathology

Question 24

Shining a light obliquely into one eye at a time observing for pupil constriction

Answer 24

Direct & consensual pupil response.

Question 25

Indications of degeneration of retina or destruction of the optic nerve, someone with one dilated & unresponsive pupil may have paralysis.

Some medications cause unresponsive, small pupils, or unequal pupils.

Answer 25

Abnormal findings of the direct-consensual pupil response assessment.

Question 26

The sclera should not be visible, and these should be the color of facial skin without redness, discharge, or drooping.

Answer 26

Eyelid Inspection

Question 27

Unusual redness of the eyelids may indicate an…?

Answer 27

Inflammatory state due to trauma, allergies,or infection

Question 28

Drooping of one eyelid, and may be an indication of stroke, a neuromuscular disorder, or be congenital.

Answer 28

Ptosis

Question 29

Unusual widening of the eyelids, protrusion of the eyeball, often associated with hyperthyroid disease.

Answer 29

Exophthalmos

Question 30

Yellow plaques noted on or near the lid margins are referred to as….. And may inidicate high lipid levels.

Can occur between the ages of 15-73 but most commonly occurs during the 40s & 50s.

Answer 30

Xanthelasma