Eye Safety Flashcards
ANSI z87
Identification number of american national standard for occupational and educational personal eye and face protection devices
Basic impact ANSI requirement
ANSi requirements for impact resistance safety eyewear
Minimum thickness of 3mm unless lenses are +3.00D. In this case, 2.5mm edge thickness is ok.
Must be capable of withstanding 1 inch steel ball dropped from 50 inches.
3mm unless 3.00. Then 2.5 is ok.
1 inch steel ball from 50 inches.
High impact ANSI standard
ANSi requirements for impact resistance safety eyewear
Minimum thickness of 2mm
Withstands 1 inch steel ball dropped 50 inches and 1/4 inch steel ball traveling at 150 feet/sec
minimum thickness 2mm.
High mass impact test
Pointed, conical tipped projectile weighing 17.6 oz is dropped 51.2 inches through tube onto glasses. The lens must not break or come out of the frame.
High velocity impact test
Stimulates high velocity, low mass object.
During the test, a series of 1/4 steel balls travel 150 feet/sec directed at 20 dif parts of the frame with lenses in place. Neither the lens or frame can break.
Where are eye injuries treated?
51% ER
39% private physician office
8% outpatient
2% inpatient
Eye injuries. What is most common? Gender? Age? Place of injury? Source of eye injury?
Male
20-29 years
home
Blunt instrument most common
Estimated __% of americans wear Rx glasses
60%
Largest type of eyeglass related injuries
Lacerations 65%
Among 65+ year olds, 90% of eye injuries were due to
falls.
Among persons 17 and younger, 40% of eyeglass injuries were due to
Sports / recreation
According to the national eye institute and prevent blindness america: ___% of eye injuries are preventable
90
Healthy people 2020
Government program involved in prevention of disease for the whole body.
Sets goals and objectives for different health issues- more than 600.
8 of them related to eyes.
2 related to injury prevention.
Timeline for healthy people 2020
Every 10 years- analyze data and develop goals
Every 10 years- Report results
Ex: 2008- analyze 2010- report results 2018-analyze 2020- report results
Vision objectives of healthy people 2020
V3 Reduce occupational eye injuries
- 1: reduce eye injuries resulting in lost work days.
- 2: Reduce occupational eye injuries treated in emergency departments
*Target met in both cases
Vision objectives of healthy people 2020
V6 increase use of Personal protective eyewear
- 1: Increase PPE in recreational/hazardous situations around the home in teens 6-17 years
- 2: Increase PPE in recreational/hazardous situations around the home in 18+ year olds.
^^These goals were met
Every day there are ___ job related eye injuries in the US that require medical treatment.
2,000
Eye injuries in the work place due to which 2 main things
Flying particles 70%
Chemicals 20%
Most common parts of the eye injured by flying particles or chemicals
54% K
46% retina
Cost of eye injuries in the workplace
300 million annually in med costs, lost productivity and worker’s comp
According to OSHA,
Who needs eye protection?
Where do employees get them?
Are employees required to wear them?
OSHA can not cover every situation where safety glasses are required, therefore, protective eyewear is required when there is reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented.
Employers make them available
Yes, required
Only __% of workers with eye injuries were wearing the proper eye protection
25
ANSI Z87.1 2020 Occupational and educational eye and face protection devices
Applical hazards and non applicable hazards
Applicable:
impact
non-ionizing radiation
chemical exposure
Non-applicable: Bloodborne pathogens other radiation (microwaves, x rays) Lasers** sports and recreation **
Protecter
A complete device meeting the minimum requirements of the standard
Complete device
Product with all its components in their configuration of intended use
Spectacles and goggles
Protector intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from certain hazards, depending on the type
**considered primary protectors
Face shield
Intended to be used in conjunction with specs or goggles.
Considered secondary protector!!! Must wear primary along with
Primary and secondary protectors
Primary- specs and goggles
Secondary- Face shield
Filter lens
Attenuates specific wavelengths of UV, visible or infrared radiation.
Infrared radiation damage is relevant from industrial standpoint.
Safety glasses has which 2 components
Safety lenses + safety frames
ANSI Z87.1 2003 adopted by OSHA as a requirement for the workplace.
Involves which two levels of eye protection?
Basic- used in environments where hazards are low impact, low velocity, or low mass.
High impact- used in environments where hazards are high impact, high velocity, or high mass.
Basic impact lens requirements for ANSI Z871.1 2003
Drop ball: 1 inch steel ball weighing 2.4 oz at 50 inches **Bigger and heavier than for drop ball for dress lens.
Penetration test for plastic lenses only: Capable of withstanding impact of needle mounted on a weighted projectile weighing 1.56 Oz dropped from 50 inches.
Minimum lens thickness is 3mm
High impact lens requirements for ANSI Z871.1 2003
High mass test- 17.6 oz dropped from 50 inches
High velocity test- 1/4 steel ball at 150 feet per second without fracture
Penetration test (plastic only) PLANO spec lens capable of resisting impact from a needle mounted projectile weighing 1.56 oz dropped from 50 inches
lens material must be trivet or polycarbonate
Min thickness is 2mm
Spec frame test requirements for ANSI Z871.1 2003
High mass impact- 17.6 oz dropped from 50 inches
High velocity: 1/4 steel ball 150 feet/sec
Removeable lens markings
Manufacturers logo (mandatory) \+ meets high impact testing requirements
Non removable lens markings
Requires only one marking on front or temples
Z87 complies with z87.1 standard or + meets high impact testing.
Frame markings for frames intended for plano lenses
Z87 stampede on either the frame front or temple
frame markings for frames intended for non plano lenses
Z87-2 stamped on the frame front and both temples.
ANSi Z87.1 2003
Minimum thickness for
Poly/trivex
Glass/CR39
2mm
3mm
What is the difference between ANSI Z87.1 2003 and 2010?
2003: Section for each protector (glasses, goggles)
2010: Organized by type of hazard
2003: Basic impact rated and high impact rated
2010: Non impact and impact rated.
Ansi Z87.1 2010 lens markings
All lenses and frames must have manufacture markings
Impact rating must have a +
Frames must have measurements
and Z87 + or +2 if Rx specs
Main change about z87.1 2015
Continues to differentiate protectors based on specific hazards.
Enables users to select appropriate protector based on what is appropriate.
Years of ANSI Z87.1
2003
2010
2015
2020
ANSI Z87.1 tests regarding lens coatings. Do they meet he standards if coated? for Cr39
Yes and no.
Results:
coatings to Cr39 compromises the impact resistance.
Most Cr39 lenses coated with only scratch resistant will be adequate for protection.
Cr39 with scratch resistant coatings AND AR coatings are unsuitable for safety glasses.
ANSI Z87.1 tests regarding lens coatings. Do they meet he standards if coated? for polycarbonate
2 and 3mm polycarbonate lenses surpass ANSI standards for blunt missiles (drop ball and ballistic)
Scratch coatings reduce impact resistance of polycarbonate by 40%
In general, scratch coatings will reduce the impact resistance of polycarbonate lenses by ___%
38%
How do AR coatings weaken lenses?
They increase surface tension on the front and back
They lower resistance of 3mm lenses by 23%
They lower resistance of 2mm lenses by 8%
Who makes the only standards designed for sports eyewear?
ASTM.
Standard F803- eye protectors for use by players of racquet sports.
Eyewear marked with manufacture logo, model identity, and week and year of manufacture.
Work safety eyewear for racquet sports?
NEVERRRRRR. Must always use ASTM approved eyewear for racquet sports.
Job with highest rate of eye injury risk
Construction
5 types of eye hazards according to ANSI Z87.1 2015
Impact- flying fragments. chipping, grinding, sanding
Heat- welding
Chemical- liquids, acids
Dust- woodworking, buffing
Optical radiation- welding!!!! IR, visible light, UV, lasers
__% of eye injuries can be preventable
90
to determine if a foreign body entered the orbit, should you do a CT or Xray?
Both good
Ct best when foreign body is not clinically visible.
x ray when you can see the IOFB or there is multiple
Z87 on goggle means what
Z87+ on goggle means what
Basic impact
High impact
Direct venting
No protection against chemicals. Wear indirect venting goggles for this reason.
Face shield minimum thickness
1mm
Big blast (heat) injury in 1917
Halifax Disaster.
Chemical hazard. Which is better- acid or base?
Acid- protein coagulation of the cornea usually prevents acids from penetrating deeper into the cornea.
Base- Penetrate the cornea and enter the anterior chamber much more aggressively.
Chemical injuries are responsible for __% of work related eye injuries and treated at hospitals
7
20% cause significant vision loss and cosmetic disability.
Chemical injury- do you want eye to be red or white?
Eye being white= very bad
Being red is better than white in the case of a chemical injury.
The greater the blanching, the worse the prognosis.
Common source of alkali
Cleaning products, fertilizers (ammonia)
Drain cleaners
Cement (lime)
Sodium hydroxide- airbag rupture, fireworks,
pH is a log scale, meaning
Small change in pH will be a large change in the H+ concentration.
1 pH unit change = 10x change in concentration
Tx for chemical injuries
Immediate copious irrigation. Do not establish the pH of the chemical prior to irrigation.
Rinsing with 1000 ml of tap water for 15 minutes is imperative.
Do not wait! (For alkali burns, a delay of 20 seconds is sufficient to cause significantly greater harm and increase the pH of the anterior chamber )
Then remove the source of insult, control inflammation, prevent infection, control IOP, control pain.
Most obvious optical radiation hazard
Welding
High intensity irritations (usually UV) may have a latency of __ mins before the onset of symptoms.
30 mins.
The higher the intensity, the shorter the latency before symptoms.
Low intensity exposures (snow blindness) may have latency of ___ hours before onset of symptoms
24 hours
Damage by IR vs damage by UV
-What type of damage and which is worse?
IR is thermal
UV is photochemical.
IR/thermal is more permanent than UV damage
UV is still the bigger threat!
Can IR exposure produce cataracts?
Yes It increases the temp of the anterior chamber and accelerates the development of cataract.
Latent period of 15-20 years to cause sub capsular cataract.
ANSI laser standard
ANSI Z136.1 2014
Most common eye injuries in children (under 5)
- toys:
Toy weapons
BB and pelet guns
Toy guns - Then household cleaners
- Cigarettes
Most common eye injuries in kids 5-14 years
Toys
Sports
Ballistic rated safety eyewear
Designed for military use for speeds far greater than typical industrial debris. Higher than “civilian” standard. Much harder to meet than ANSI z87 standards.
