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NEURO PHARM > Eye Pharmacology > Flashcards

Eye Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetics fibers to the eye cause what?

A

Fibers travel along arteries from the superior cervical ganglion and cause mydriasis and ciliary relaxation

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2
Q

What receptor type is involved with pupillary dilation?

A

a1

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3
Q

What receptor type is involved with ciliary relaxation?

A

b2

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4
Q

What receptor type is involved with secretion at the ciliary body?

A

a2b2

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5
Q

Parasympathetics fibers to the eye cause what?

A

Travel w/ CN3 from edinger-­‐westphal nucleus. Causes miosis, accommodation, and lacrimal secretion

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6
Q

What receptor type mediates pupillary constriction?

A

M3

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7
Q

What receptor type mediates accommodation?

A

M3

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8
Q

What receptor type mediates lacrimal secretion?

A

M2M3 via CN 7

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9
Q

How do opiated affect the pupil?

A

Pinpoint pupils: block the inhibitory interneuorns of the edinger-­westphal nucleus so it’s always constricting

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10
Q

How are most drugs delivered to the eyes?

A

Topical and go into the aqueous humor

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11
Q

What drug properties do you need for corneal absorption?

A

Small lipophilic drugs

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12
Q

What drug properties do you need for conjunctival absorption?

A

Large hydrophilic drugs

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13
Q

Where can drugs be injected into the eye?

A

The conjunctiva, intraocularly (anterior chamber), or intravitreally (for the retina)

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14
Q

A lot of eye drugs are what?

A

Prodrugs to increase absorption topically. The eye has lots of metabolic enzymes, particularly esterase

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15
Q

What do muscarinic antagonists do?

A

Cause Mydriasis and loss of accommodation

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16
Q

What are muscarinic antagonists used to Tx?

A

Iritis and uveitis and for eye exams

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17
Q

ADEs of muscarinic antagonists?

A

Increased IOP, stings, if systematized then Anti-­‐SLUDGEBBB.
Contraindicated‐Glaucoma.

18
Q

What are the muscarinic antagonists?

A

Atropine and scopolamine

19
Q

What classes of drugs can be used to Tx glaucoma?

A

Prostaglandin Analogs, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, muscarinic agonists, Ach-­esterase inhibitor, and sympathomimetics

20
Q

MOA of the prostaglandin analogs?

A

MOA unknown. Maybe increase aqueous outflow. Prodrugs with in situ hydrolysis

21
Q

ADEs of the prostaglandin analogs?

A

Blurred vision, stinging/itching. Longterm= increased brown pigmentation of iris, lid, lashes and increased eyelash growth (hypertrichosis)

22
Q

What are the PG analogs?

A

Latanoprost and bimatoprost

23
Q

MOA of beta blockers?

A

Blocks ciliary body production of aqueous by decreasing cAMP/PKA and decreasing occular blood flow. Rapid effect.

24
Q

Which beta blockers can be used to Rx glaucoma?

A

Timolol and carteolol

25
Q

MOA of carbonic anhydrase Inh?

A

Blocks the production of H2O and CO2 from Carbonic acid. Less water=Less aqueous humor

26
Q

ADEs of carbonic anhydrase Inh?

A

Irritation, burning/stinging, allergic rxn, bitter taste (dysgeusia), photophobia/dry eye. Sulfonamide allergic rxn.

27
Q

Which carbonic anhydrase inh. are used to Rx glaucoma?

A

Dorzolamide

28
Q

MOA of muscarinic agonists?

A

Cause mitosis and increased aqueous flow. Former DOC for glaucoma but not used anymore

29
Q

Contraindications for muscarinic agonists?

A

Iritis/uveitis, CV dz, Asthma, PUD.

30
Q

ADEs of muscarinic agonists?

A

stinging, tearing, and decreased night vision

31
Q

Which muscarinic agonists were used to Rx glaucoma?

A

Carbachol and pilocarpine,

32
Q

MOA of Ach­‐esterase inhibitor?

A

More potent and longer acting than direct muscarinic agonists. Toxic w/ insecticides.

33
Q

CI’d for Ach­‐esterase inhibitor?

A

Closed angle glaucoma

34
Q

ADEs of Ach­‐esterase inhibitors?

A

Stinging, tearing, and decreased night vision

35
Q

Moa of sympathomimetics?

A

Used in glaucoma for aqueous outflow. Also used to cause mydriasis, and as decongestants.

36
Q

ADEs of sympathomimetics?

A

Photophobia, conjunctival hyperemia, hypersensitivity.

Caution w/ HTN, Hyperthyroid, DM, CAD, Asthma.

37
Q

Which sympathomimetics can you use?

A

Phenylephrine, brimonidine, and tetrahydrozoline

38
Q

What’s macular degeneration?

A

Blood vessels growing into the macula. Obscure vision

39
Q

Rx for MD?

A

Anti-VEGF

40
Q

ADEs of anti-VEGF drugs?

A

Bleeding, thrombosis, stroke, MI

NEURO PHARM (10 decks)

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