Eye pharamcology Flashcards
What receptor do sympathomimetics act on in the eye?
a1 receptors.
What do sympathomimetics cause?
Mydriasis.
What are sympathomimetics used for?
To view structure behind the pupil.
Give an example of a sympathomimetic?
Phenylephrine.
What factors decrease the effectiveness of phenylephrine?
Diabetes.
Dark iris.
Elderly.
What are the side effects of phenylephrine?
Photophobia & blurred vision.
Stinging on instillation.
Acute glaucoma.
Hypertension & arrhythmias.
What are the symptoms of acute glaucoma?
Red, painful eye.
Blurred vision.
N & V.
Headache.
What is used for the treatment of acute glaucoma.
Pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist).
What are the side effects of pilocarpine?
Brow ache.
Myopia.
Risk of retinal detachment.
What is the action of anti-muscarinics in the eye?
Cause mydriasis. Prevent accommodation (cycloplegia).
Give an example of three anti-muscarinics?
Atropine.
Cyclopentolate.
Tropicamide.
What are the side effects of anti-muscarinics?
Photophobia & blurred vision.
Raised IOP.
Dry mouth, flushing & confusion.
What is used for the treatment of uveitis?
Cyclopentolate.
What two classes of drugs are used to block aqueous humor production? Give an example of each.
Beta blockers: > Timolol. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: > Acetazolamide. > Dorzolamide.
What are the functions of the tear film?
Flush away debris.
Anti-bacterial.
Optimal visual function.
Lubricate eye movement.
What is the most common cause of decreased tear film production?
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Give examples of artificial tears & lubricants?
Hypromellose: > first line treatment. Carbomers (i.e. viscotears): >Thixotrophic agent. Polyvinyl alcohol (i.e. liquifilm): >Surfactant to replace mucin layer. > lowest level of preservatives. Ointments (i.e. lacrilube). > Long lasting as highly viscous. > causes blurred vision.
What drug is used to show damage to the cornea or conjuctiva?
Fluorescein.
What drugs are used to anaesthetise the eye?
Lidocaine.
Proxymetacaine.
What drug is used for superficial eye infections (i.e. conjuctivitis)?
Chloramphenicol.
