Eye Pathologies

Question 1

Cataract

Answer 1

Opacification of the lens 
Loss of vision- progressive, bilateral
Starting with night vision, and transient difficulty seeing 
Risk factors: 
Age (Inc)
smoking
alcohol
chronic steriod use
classic galatosemia 
galactokinase deficiency
Diabetes
Trauma 
infection

Question 2

Uveitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the uvea- common with HLA-B27
“iritis= anterior uveitis”
“choroiditis= posterior uveitis”
Hypophon (pus) in the anterior chamber

Question 3

Age related macular degeneration

Answer 3

Degeneration of the macula–> loss of central vision (peripheral intact) and distortion

Dry: dry extracellular yellow deposits in the bruch membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium with gradual dec. in vision
tx: antioxidantS!

Wet: inc. in choroidal vascularization (hypoxia, diabetes) –> bleeding and hemorrhages –> vision loss
Tx: anti-vegf

Question 4

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 4

1. NON-enzymatic AGE- glycosylation products makes for leaky vessels
   - cottom wool spots, hemorrhages, bright spots
2. Hypoxia–> inc. vascular proliferation –> retinal traction

Question 5

Retinal Vein Occulsion

Answer 5

Athlerosclerosis in the central or retinal–> compression on the on the central or retinal vein –> retinal hemorrhage and venous engorgement

Question 6

Retinal Detachment

Answer 6

Detachment of neurosensory layer (photoreceptors) from the pigemented epithelium (shields the light) –> degeneration of photoreceptors –> vision loss
*preceded by posterior chorodial detachement –> flashers and floaters

• Splaying and opacity of retinal vessels

Question 7

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Answer 7

Acute painless monoocular vision loss

• ** cherry red spot at fovea (also seen in lipid storage diseases)
• ** Cloudy retina with attenuated vessels

Question 8

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Answer 8

Inherited retinal degeneration
Painless
progressive
starts as night blindness (rods affected first)

Question 9

Retinitis

Answer 9

• Viral, association with immunosuppression (AIDS)
• -> CMV, HVZ, HSV
• retinal edema and necrosis leading to scar