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OPT 514 > Eye Movements > Flashcards

Eye Movements Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of eye movements

A
  • the eyes move to initiate and maintain fixation by directing the line of sight
  • important to keep image on the retina
  • both eyes should get image at the same time
  • important for following objects
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2
Q

Listing Plane

A
  • imaginary coronal plane through the center of the globe

- globe rotates on the axis of Fick

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3
Q

X,Y, and Z Axis

A

X-eye rotates up and down
Y-torsional rotations. top of the eye rotates clockwise or counter clockwise
Z-eye rotates left and right

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4
Q

Duction

A
  • movement of one eye around the axes of fick
  • monocular
  • close one eye and have one eye look in all the directions
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5
Q

Version

A
  • binocular

- simultaneous and conjugate movement of both eyes

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6
Q

Torsion

A

Twist of the eye clockwise of counter clockwise

  • intorsion-top of the eye rotates towards nose
  • Extorsion-top of the eye rotates away from nose
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7
Q

Conjugate eye movement

A
  • binocular

- visual axis of both eyes are in the same direction to maintain fixation with both eyes.

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8
Q

Vergence

A
  • disconjugate eye movement
  • visual axes rotate in opposite directions
  • convergence-both rotate in
  • divergence-both rotate out
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9
Q

Extraocular muscles numbers

A

EOM

  • 4 recti muscles
  • 2 oblique muscles
  • FOR EACH EYE
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10
Q

Horizontal recti muscles

A
  • in primary gaze, horizontal movement around Z axis

- medial and lateral

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11
Q

Medial Rectus

A
  • moves the eye to the nose
  • adduction
  • innervated by oculomotor nerve
  • inserts 5.5mm from nasal limbus
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12
Q

Lateral Rectus

A
  • Moves the eye away from the nose
  • aBduction
  • innervated by abducent nerve
  • inserts 6.9mm from temporal limbus
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13
Q

Vertical Recti

A
  • still about Z axis

- superior and inferior rectus

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14
Q

Superior rectus

A
  • move eye up
  • elevation
  • secondary-intorsion. tertiary-aDduction
  • oculomotor nerve
  • 7.7mm from superior limbus
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15
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

-moves eye down
-depression
secondary-extorsion. tertiary-aDduction
-oculomotor nerve
-6.5mm from inferior limbus

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16
Q

Medial and Lateral walls

A
  • 45 degrees of eachother
  • orbital axis if 23 degrees of the two walls
  • in primary gaze, the orbital axis is at 23 degrees of the visual axis
17
Q

Oblique Muscles

A
  • insert behind equator at 51 degree angle with the visual axis
  • superior oblique and inferior oblique
18
Q

Superior oblique

A
  • intorsion
  • secondary-depression. tertiary-aBduction
  • trochlear nerve
  • passes through trochlea on medial walls and reflects back to the posterior quadrant
19
Q

Inferior oblique

A
  • extorsion
  • secondary-elevation. tertiary-aBduction
  • oculomotor nerve
  • originates at small depression on orbital floor. inserts in posterior lower temporal quadrant close to the macula
20
Q

diagnostic positions of gaze

A
  • 6 cardinal points
  • 3 other points in primary position, upgaze, and downgaze (6,1,5)
  • cardinal points represent the points in which one muscle is responsible for the movement (2,3,4,7,8,9)
  • Diagnostic positions are ones where deviations are measured (1-9)
21
Q

Agonist-antagonist

A
  • pair of muscles in the SAME eye that move the eye in opposite directions
  • medial and lateral rectus
22
Q

Synergist muscle

A
  • muscles in the SAME eye that move the eye in the same direction
  • inferior oblique and superior rectus
23
Q

Yoke Muscles

A
  • pair of muscles ONE IN EACH EYE that produce conjugate eye movements
  • right inferior oblique and left superior rectus
24
Q

Sherrington law of reciprocal innervation

A

-increased innervation to one muscle is accompanied by a reciprocal decreased innervation to its antagonist in the same eye.

25
Q

Hering law of equal innervation

A
  • during conjugate eye movements, equal and simultaneous innervations flow to yoked muscles.
  • helpful to see palsy because the yoke muscle in other eye will overreact
26
Q

Evaluation tid bits

A
  • NO GLASSES
  • assess ability to maintain fixation
  • dont let the patient move their head
  • target should be 40cm from patient
  • ease, smoothness, accuracy
  • “full and smooth”
  • do VERSIONS first(only duction if weird)
27
Q

End point nystagmus

A
  • involuntary oscillation of the eye when you go too far in a gaze
  • beat motion

OPT 514 (6 decks)

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