Eye Medications

Question 1

Open-angle glaucoma

Answer 1

optic nerve injury develops gradually over the years. Cause is unknown

Question 2

Angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 2

blockage of the aqueous humor outflow, which causes IOP. If no tx-irreversible damage in 1-2 days

Question 3

open-angle glaucoma goal of therapy

Answer 3

reduce elvated IOP

Question 4

closed angle glaucoma goal

Answer 4

rapidly reduce IOP and then corrective surgery to restore outflow

Question 5

Drugs reduce IOP by

Answer 5

facilitate outflow, reduce aqueous production

Question 6

Three drug families are

Answer 6

beta blockers
alpha-andrenergic agonists
prostaglandins are first line therapy

Question 7

Timolol and other topical beta blockers

Answer 7

decrease IOP production

Question 8

Topical Beta blockers and alpha adrenergic agonists decrease aqueous formation

Answer 8

be absorbed in amounts sufficient to cause bronchospasm, bradycardia, and AV heart block

Question 9

Prostaglandins increase outflow

Answer 9

can increase brown pigmentation of the iris and intensify pigmentation in skin around the eye

Question 10

Prostaglandins solutions are

Answer 10

are often initial treatment because of fewer side effects

Question 11

Angle closure glaucoma is a medical emergency.

Answer 11

Very painful, sudden onset, is always emergent and requires quick assessment, and referral. CAG is displacement of the iris over the trabecular meshwork which prevents drainage. Drops then corrective surgery

Question 12

Blepharitis

Answer 12

infection of the eyelid or irritation of the margin. Chronic, so will wax and wane

Question 13

Drug therapy

Answer 13

reduce the s/s of condition and eradicate the causitive microbes

Question 14

Blephartis education

Answer 14

wash eye with baby shampoo, warm massages, occasional antibiotic use. Avoid contacts in flare ups

Question 15

Blephartis-First line treatment

Answer 15

Topical antibiotics: Bacitracin ointment
or Erythromycin 0.5% opthalmic ointment
If no improvement after several weeks, refer

Question 16

Bacterial Conjunctivitis “pink eye”

Answer 16

Highly contagious. Treat with antibactierial opthalmic ointment in children and drops in adults Treat both eyes. Teach hygiene. Typically 5-7 days 50% bacterial;

Question 17

Gram positive bacteria

Answer 17

staphylococcus and strep

Question 18

Gram negative

Answer 18

Moraxella and Haemophilus

Question 19

Upon birth

Answer 19

neonates get an applicaton of Erythromycin (0.5%) in each eye. Some states opt out

Question 20

Allergic conjuctivitis

Answer 20

caused by adenovirus- mostly in adults

Question 21

Treat allergic conjctivitis with mast cell stabilizers

Answer 21

Cromolyn sodium, lodoxamide)

Question 22

Allergic conjuctiviits

Answer 22

Can treat with less-sedating oral histamines

Question 23

Glucocorticoids

Answer 23

used only by opthalmologist, not us.

Question 24

Mast cell stabilizers

Answer 24

May take several weeks, so not usually first line treatment

Question 25

Cycloplegics

Answer 25

paralyze the cillary muscle. Prevents the eye from focusing on near vision, prevents pupil from constricting. photophbis results. By paralyzing the iris sphincter anticholinergic drugs cause the constricting response

Question 26

Mydriatics

Answer 26

Phenylephrine, an adrenergic agosist, causes dilate the pupil by stimulating alpha adrenergic receptors