Eye Medications Flashcards
Open-angle glaucoma
optic nerve injury develops gradually over the years. Cause is unknown
Angle-closure glaucoma
blockage of the aqueous humor outflow, which causes IOP. If no tx-irreversible damage in 1-2 days
open-angle glaucoma goal of therapy
reduce elvated IOP
closed angle glaucoma goal
rapidly reduce IOP and then corrective surgery to restore outflow
Drugs reduce IOP by
facilitate outflow, reduce aqueous production
Three drug families are
beta blockers
alpha-andrenergic agonists
prostaglandins are first line therapy
Timolol and other topical beta blockers
decrease IOP production
Topical Beta blockers and alpha adrenergic agonists decrease aqueous formation
be absorbed in amounts sufficient to cause bronchospasm, bradycardia, and AV heart block
Prostaglandins increase outflow
can increase brown pigmentation of the iris and intensify pigmentation in skin around the eye
Prostaglandins solutions are
are often initial treatment because of fewer side effects
Angle closure glaucoma is a medical emergency.
Very painful, sudden onset, is always emergent and requires quick assessment, and referral. CAG is displacement of the iris over the trabecular meshwork which prevents drainage. Drops then corrective surgery
Blepharitis
infection of the eyelid or irritation of the margin. Chronic, so will wax and wane
Drug therapy
reduce the s/s of condition and eradicate the causitive microbes
Blephartis education
wash eye with baby shampoo, warm massages, occasional antibiotic use. Avoid contacts in flare ups
Blephartis-First line treatment
Topical antibiotics: Bacitracin ointment
or Erythromycin 0.5% opthalmic ointment
If no improvement after several weeks, refer
Bacterial Conjunctivitis “pink eye”
Highly contagious. Treat with antibactierial opthalmic ointment in children and drops in adults Treat both eyes. Teach hygiene. Typically 5-7 days 50% bacterial;
Gram positive bacteria
staphylococcus and strep
Gram negative
Moraxella and Haemophilus
Upon birth
neonates get an applicaton of Erythromycin (0.5%) in each eye. Some states opt out
Allergic conjuctivitis
caused by adenovirus- mostly in adults
Treat allergic conjctivitis with mast cell stabilizers
Cromolyn sodium, lodoxamide)
Allergic conjuctiviits
Can treat with less-sedating oral histamines
Glucocorticoids
used only by opthalmologist, not us.
Mast cell stabilizers
May take several weeks, so not usually first line treatment
Cycloplegics
paralyze the cillary muscle. Prevents the eye from focusing on near vision, prevents pupil from constricting. photophbis results. By paralyzing the iris sphincter anticholinergic drugs cause the constricting response
Mydriatics
Phenylephrine, an adrenergic agosist, causes dilate the pupil by stimulating alpha adrenergic receptors
