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Opthalmology > Eye lid disorders > Flashcards

Eye lid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Periorbital cellulitis : Definition

A

Bacterial infection of the soft tissues surrounding the eye - especially eyelids and skin around the eye

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2
Q

Periorbital cellulitis : Risk factors

A
  1. Bacterial infection
    * Secondary infectious spread from;
    -Sinusitis, Impetigo, Conjunctivitis
  2. Poor immune system
    * Diabetes, HIV/AIDS
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3
Q

Periorbital cellulitis : Clinical features

A
  1. Swelling and redness around the eye +/- discharge
  2. +/- fever
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3
Q

Periorbital cellulitis : Management

A
  1. Antibiotics : IV/PO
    * Urgent mx to prevent developing into orbital cellulitis
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4
Q

Orbital cellulitis : Definition

A

Emergency : Bacterial infection involving tissue within the eye socket (Orbit)

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5
Q

Orbital cellulitis : Clinical features

A

Rapid onset development of symptoms
1. Swelling and redness
2. Eye movement : Restricted and severe pain
3. Proptosis : protrusion of eyeball
4. Vision impairment
5. Systemic sx : Fever, malaise

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6
Q

Orbital cellulitis : Complications

A
  1. Nerve compression
  2. Abscess formation
  3. Spread of infection - Cavern sinus thrombosis or Intracranial spread
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7
Q

Orbital cellulitis : Investigations

A
  1. CT / MRI scan
  2. Blood cultures
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8
Q

Orbital cellulitis : Management

A
  1. IV Antibiotics
  2. Surgical drainage of abscess
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9
Q

Belpharitis : Definition

A
  • Chronic inflammation of the eye lid - at the base of the eyelashes
  • Involves base of eyelid where eyelashes grow and adjacent oil glands which supply the oil onto the surface of the eye
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10
Q

Blepharitis : Causes

A
  1. Bacterial infection
  2. Oil gland dysfunction : blockage can lead to inadequate lipid layer which increases evaporation of tears and dryness
    * Seborrheic Dermatitis : excess oil production and inflammation
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11
Q

Blepharitis : Clinical features

A
  1. Redness + Swelling of eye-lid margins
  2. Gritty, itchy sensation in eyes
  3. Excessive dryness
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12
Q

Blepharitis : Management

A

Conservative mx
* warm compresses and gentle cleaning of the eyelid margins to remove debris

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13
Q

Stye : Definition

A

Staphylococcus aureus Infection of the sweat glands (Glands of Moll) at the base of the eyelashes

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14
Q

Stye : Clinical features

A
  • Tender, red lump - contain pus
  • Occurs at base of eyelash or inside eyelid
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15
Q

Stye : Management

A
  1. Conservative mx :
    * Hot compresses and analgesia.
  2. Topical antibiotics (e.g., chloramphenicol) : considered if it is associated with conjunctivitis
16
Q

Chalazion : Definition

A
  • Painless lump on the upper eye lid
  • Caused by blockage of oil producing gland (meibomian) in the eyelid
17
Q

Chalazion : Clinical features

A
  1. Upper eye lid - away from lash line
  2. Painless lump
  3. Gradual onset, and larger and firmer than a style
18
Q

Chalazion : Management

A

Warm compresses to promote drainage.

19
Q

Entropian : Definition

A
  1. Eyelid turns inwards with the lashes pressed against the eye.
    * Eyelash abrasion can cause corneal damage
20
Q

Entropian : Causes

A
  1. Age : loss of elasticity in eyelid skin can contribute towards inwards turning of eye lid
  2. Muscle weakness : of eyelid muscles
21
Q

Entropian : Clinical features

A
  1. Pain, irritation and redness
  2. Ulceration
22
Q

Entropian : Management

A
  1. Tape down eyelid - prevent it from turning inwards
    * Regular eyedrops
23
Q

Ectropian : Definition

A

Eyelid turns outwards, exposing the inner aspect.
* Lower eyeball exposed - result in exposure keratopathy

24
Q

Ectropian : Management

A
  • Regular eyedrops
  • Definitive mx : Surgery
25
Q

Trichiasis : Definition

A
  1. Trichiasis refers to inward growth of the eyelashes.
  2. It results in pain and can cause corneal damage and ulceration.
  3. Requires removal of eyelashes
26
Q

Conjunctivitis : Clinical presentation

A

Conjunctivitis presents with:

  • Red, bloodshot eye
    No pain or visual issues
  • Itchy or gritty sensation
  • Discharge :
    1. Bacterial conjunctivitis : Purulent discharge
    2. Viral conjunctivitis : Clear discharge
    -Assoc with sx of viral infection : dry cough, sore throat, blocked nose etc
27
Q

Conjunctivitis : Management

A
  1. Hygiene measures : Very contagious, avoid contact
  2. Chloromphenicol eye drops : Bacterial infection
  3. Neontal conjunctivitis : Urgent referral as it may be 2nd to Gonoccal infection
28
Q
A

Opthalmology (5 decks)

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