Eye Junk Flashcards
What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?
Lamina papyracea
What openings are located along the lateral wall of the orbit?
Superior orbital fissure
Identify the openings found along the superior wall of the orbit:
optic canal
Identify the openings found along the medial wall of the orbit:
anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina
Identify the openings found along the lateral wall of the orbit:
Superior orbital fissure
Identify the openings found along the inferior wall of the orbit:
Inferior orbital fissure
What are the layers of the orbit?
skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus & Palpebral conjunctiva
What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?
Tarsal or Meibomian gland
Eyelashes represent a modification of what cell extension?
Cilia
What is the name of the gland located at the base of the eyelash?
Ciliary gland
What is the ciliary gland?
The modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash
What are the names f the modified sebaceous glands of the palpebra?
Tarsal gland or Meibomian gland and ciliary gland
The lacrimal gland is an example of what classification of gland?
Exocrine gland
What is the single common characteristic of exocrine glands?
ducts drain product from the secretory units of the gland
Into what location will lacrimal glands open?
superior fornix
Which visceral efferent pathway is conveyed in the seventh cranial nerve?
parasympathetic motor pathway
Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?
Vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen
The sympathetic pathway t the lacrimal gland will involve what neural components?
spinal nerves and a neurovascular plexus around blood vessels
What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?
Lateral horn/ intermediolateral cell column T1, T2
Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?
vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen
The sclera of the eyeball is continuous with what part of the optic nerve?
Dura mater
Define cornea
rounded transparent fibrous tunic at front of the eyeball
Define sclera
Whitish fibrous tunic covering most of the eyeball
What are the parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball?
iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil
What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?
Oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway
What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?
Oculomotor nerve , parasympathetic pathway
What is the function of the rod cell?
provide vision in dim light conditions
what is the function of the cone cell?
provide vision in bright light conditions, mediate color vision
What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?
rod cell
What is the primary afferent neuron of the second cranial nerve?
bipolar cell
Where are the primary sensory neurons of the second cranial nerve?
The retina
what is the secondary sensory neuron of the second cranial nerve?
Ganglion cell
What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?
Between the cornea and iris
What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?
Between the iris and lens
What is contained in the anterior chamber and posterior chamber of the eyeball?
aqueous humor
What is the primary cause of glaucoma?
Excess aqueous humor in the chambers in front of the lens
What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?
Vitreous chamber
What is the location of the vitreous chamber?
behind the lens, in front of the retina
What fills the vitreous chamber?
Vitreous body
What are the function of the vitreous body?
maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina
What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?
All originate from common annular tendon in the orbit
All insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball
What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?
both insert into sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equatior
Motor pathways to skeletal muscle derived from the somites are given what name?
Somatic Efferent (SE) pathways
What unique feature of the fourth cranial nerve occurs within the midbrain?
it decussates in the midbrain
What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve?
It is the only cranial nerve with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus
The sixth cranial nerve will innervate what target organ?
Lateral Rectus extrinsic muscle of the eye
Intrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by which visceral efferent (VE) pathways?
ciliaris and sphincter pupillae are innervated by parasympathetics; dilator pupillae is innervated by sympathetics
Visceral efferent (VE) fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?
Accessory Oculomotor nucleus of Edinger Westphal
What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the dilator pupillae?
Lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2
What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?
Only 1 vessel supplies it
What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?
Central artery of the retina
