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Spinal Final Exam > Eye Junk > Flashcards

Eye Junk Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lamina papyracea

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2
Q

What openings are located along the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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3
Q

Identify the openings found along the superior wall of the orbit:

A

optic canal

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4
Q

Identify the openings found along the medial wall of the orbit:

A

anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina

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5
Q

Identify the openings found along the lateral wall of the orbit:

A

Superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

Identify the openings found along the inferior wall of the orbit:

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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7
Q

What are the layers of the orbit?

A

skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus & Palpebral conjunctiva

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8
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

Tarsal or Meibomian gland

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9
Q

Eyelashes represent a modification of what cell extension?

A

Cilia

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10
Q

What is the name of the gland located at the base of the eyelash?

A

Ciliary gland

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11
Q

What is the ciliary gland?

A

The modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash

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12
Q

What are the names f the modified sebaceous glands of the palpebra?

A

Tarsal gland or Meibomian gland and ciliary gland

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13
Q

The lacrimal gland is an example of what classification of gland?

A

Exocrine gland

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14
Q

What is the single common characteristic of exocrine glands?

A

ducts drain product from the secretory units of the gland

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15
Q

Into what location will lacrimal glands open?

A

superior fornix

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16
Q

Which visceral efferent pathway is conveyed in the seventh cranial nerve?

A

parasympathetic motor pathway

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17
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

Vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

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18
Q

The sympathetic pathway t the lacrimal gland will involve what neural components?

A

spinal nerves and a neurovascular plexus around blood vessels

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19
Q

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

Lateral horn/ intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

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20
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

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21
Q

The sclera of the eyeball is continuous with what part of the optic nerve?

A

Dura mater

22
Q

Define cornea

A

rounded transparent fibrous tunic at front of the eyeball

23
Q

Define sclera

A

Whitish fibrous tunic covering most of the eyeball

24
Q

What are the parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

25
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

26
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve , parasympathetic pathway

27
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

provide vision in dim light conditions

28
Q

what is the function of the cone cell?

A

provide vision in bright light conditions, mediate color vision

29
Q

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

A

rod cell

30
Q

What is the primary afferent neuron of the second cranial nerve?

A

bipolar cell

31
Q

Where are the primary sensory neurons of the second cranial nerve?

A

The retina

32
Q

what is the secondary sensory neuron of the second cranial nerve?

A

Ganglion cell

33
Q

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Between the cornea and iris

34
Q

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Between the iris and lens

35
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber and posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

36
Q

What is the primary cause of glaucoma?

A

Excess aqueous humor in the chambers in front of the lens

37
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

Vitreous chamber

38
Q

What is the location of the vitreous chamber?

A

behind the lens, in front of the retina

39
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

Vitreous body

40
Q

What are the function of the vitreous body?

A

maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina

41
Q

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?

A

All originate from common annular tendon in the orbit

All insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

42
Q

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

A

both insert into sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equatior

43
Q

Motor pathways to skeletal muscle derived from the somites are given what name?

A

Somatic Efferent (SE) pathways

44
Q

What unique feature of the fourth cranial nerve occurs within the midbrain?

A

it decussates in the midbrain

45
Q

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

It is the only cranial nerve with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

46
Q

The sixth cranial nerve will innervate what target organ?

A

Lateral Rectus extrinsic muscle of the eye

47
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by which visceral efferent (VE) pathways?

A

ciliaris and sphincter pupillae are innervated by parasympathetics; dilator pupillae is innervated by sympathetics

48
Q

Visceral efferent (VE) fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

A

Accessory Oculomotor nucleus of Edinger Westphal

49
Q

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the dilator pupillae?

A

Lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

50
Q

What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?

A

Only 1 vessel supplies it

51
Q

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

A

Central artery of the retina

Spinal Final Exam (24 decks)

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