Eye infections

Question 1

Most eye infections can be treated

Answer 1

topically. In most cases bacterial conjunctivitis is self-limiting.

Question 2

Chloramphenicol is

Answer 2

broad-spectrum and the drug of choice in most superficial eye infections.

Question 3

Alternative eye drops are

Answer 3

• ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin and tobramycin, which are effective against a wide variety of bacteria.

Question 4

Ciprofloxacin eye drops are licensed for

Answer 4

• corneal ulcers and intense application is required throughout the day and night (especially in the first 2 days).

Question 5

Blepharitis and conjunctivitis are often caused by

Answer 5

staphylococci.
- Bacterial blepharitis is treated by application of an antibacterial eye ointment to the conjunctival sac or the lid margins. Systemic treatment may occasionally be required and is usually undertaken after culturing organisms from the lid margin and determining their antimicrobial sensitivity; antibiotics such as tetracyclines given for 3 months or longer may be appropriate.

Question 6

Anti-bacterial preparations are usually administered as

Answer 6

Eye drops:
- Apply ONE drop at least EVERY 2 hours then reduce frequency as infection is controlled and continue for 48 hours after healing.

Question 7

Anti-fungal:

Answer 7

• Fungal infections are rare but can occur after agricultural injuries, especially in hot and humid climates. Increasing age, debility or immunosuppression can encourage fungal proliferation.

Question 8

Antivirals:

Answer 8

• Herpes simplex infections producing, for example dendritic corneal ulcers can be treated with Aciclovir (Apply 1cm five times a day for three days  brand name: Zovirax) or Ganciclovir (Apply 5 times daily until healing complete, then apply TDS for a further 7 days, treatment does not usually exceed 21 days)