eye infections Flashcards
subconjunctival hemorrhage
red around the eye, benign
uveitis
inflammatory
autoimmune
use steroids to treat
when to never use steroids in the eye
HSV infection- causes blindness
symptoms of glaucoma
orbital swelling, corneal clouding, decreased vision, fixed/dilated pupil
blepharitis
eyelid infection or inflammation
dacrocystitis
lacrimal sac inflammation
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
is conjuctivitis infectious or allergic?
could be either
keratitis
cornea inflammation
cellulitis
inflammation of the skin to the subdermal tissues
symptoms of conjuctivitis
tearing, burning, erythema, discharge, crusting
what should be on the differential for possible conjunctivitis if blurry vision is present
uveitis, scleritis, glaucoma
when are cervial nodes palapable with conjunctivitis?
when are they not?
yes with viral, chlamydial, or bacterial
no with allergic
what kind of antibiotic is given to neonates at birth?
what does it prevent?
erythromycin
chlamydia and gonarrhea
most common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in young children
s. pneumoniea or H. flu
most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus (but consider HSV, HZV, and EBV)
is MORNING crusting more common with viral or bacterial conjunctivitis
viral
most common corneal infection in the US
HSV keratitis
what cranial nerve is affected with HSV keratitis
CN 5
what drugs treat HSV keratitis
acyclovir and valacyclovir
can you treat HSV keratitis with steroids?
not unless your an opthmology pa- timing is crucial to prevent bacterial superinfection or scarring
what indicates eye involvement in an HZV reactivation
lesion at the tip of the nose- Hutchinson sign
treatment for HZV
acyclovir or valacyclovir
what cranial nerve is affected with chorioretinitis
CN 2
most common causes of chorioretinitis
CMV and toxoplasmosis
characteristic sign of chorioretinitis on exam
flame hemorrhages and patches
which STIs cause bacterial conjunctivitis- need referral
N. gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis
most common bacteria that cause bacterial conjunctivits
S. pneumo, S. aureus, S. epidermis, M. catarrhalis, Proteus, E. COli, Klebsiella
is bacterial conjunctivitis most commonly unilateral or bilateral
unilateral initially, spreads to second eye within 24-48 hours
when does bacterial conjunctivitis present with photophobia?
chlamydia
what is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis
topical antibiotics- TMP/polymixin B drops and erythromycin ointment
when is a stat opthamology referral required for bacterial conjunctivitis?
If suspected gonorrhea or chlamydia
what treatment should be given for chlamydia or gonorrhea resulting in bacterial conjuctivitis?
ceftriaxone AND azithromycin
common causes of orbital cellulitis
staph, strep, H. flu, anaerobes, and pseudomonas.
In diabetics, often fungal- mucor or aspergillus
what is orbital cellulitis?
an infection of the fat and muscles around the eye, posterior to the orbital septum. It may begin suddenly or be a result of an infection that gradually becomes worse. it is generally associated with sinus of other local infection
what is proptosis
when the eyeball is pushed forward
what is opthalmoplegia
paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles
symptoms of orbital cellulitis
proptosis, opthalmoplegia, edema, erythema, headache, and fever
preseptal cellulitis
anterior to orbital septum, usually associated with trauma, no proptosis
