Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The eye > Eye Infections > Flashcards

Eye Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What leads to swelling of the eyelids?

A

Stye (Hordeola)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva is known as…

A

conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is inflammation of the cornea called?

A

Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inflammation of the cornea and the retina is called?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

It is a focal, chronic, lipogranulomatous inflammation of Zeis/meibomian glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hordelea/hordeleum?

A

Abscess forming infection of the eyelid that presents as a localized painful and erythematous swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A hordeolum involves what?

A

An infection of the glands of the eyelid that may be either internal or external. If the inflammation is due to a internal gland, the meibomian gland is probably responsible. If an external gland is inflamed, the gland of zeis or moll is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chazalion involves what?

A

A sterile, chronic inflammation that results from a blocked meibomian gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A chazalion infection may develop from?

A

An internal hordeleum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which organism is heavily associated with hordeleum?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which other bacterium is involved in the formation of stye in some patients?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

P acnes is gram what?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the shape of P acnes?

A

Cocco bacillus (short rod)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

P acnes can arrange how?

A

In chains or in clumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is P acnes motile?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does P acnes form spores?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is P acnes part of the normal flora?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where can we find P acnes in the body?

A

Skin, conjunctiva, external ear, oropharnyx, female genital tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some manifestations of the eyelid infections?

A

Acute, swollen, edematous, normal visual acuity, normal eye function, conjunctivitis, mucopurulent discharge, sensitivity, pustule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which type of cancer may be misdiagnosed with recurrent or persistent hordeleas?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can cause an eye lid infection?

A

skin conditions, eye makeup, blockage, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Eye lid infections can be self limited? If so, how long do they take to go away?

A

1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What should a patient do as a home remedy to treat an eyelid infection?

A

Apply Warm compress for 10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If the external hordelia is big and causing the patient discomfort, what procedures can be done?

A

Lancing or epilating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the treatment for internal hordeleas?

A

A warm compress and also an antibiotic ointment such as nafcillin, oxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If a patient presents with complications with cellulitis or has multiple / recurrent lesions, what antibiotic is considered?

A

Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva can be…

A

Bulbar or palpebral meaning that if it’s bulbar the part of the conjunctiva that we can see convering the sclera is what is infected. The palpebral part of the conjunctiva is the one that folds that is going to start covering the eyelid on the inner side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What characteristic is found in conjunctivitis?

A

Pink eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Conjunctivitis can be caused by what two agents?

A

Bacteria or viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis is associated with what?

A

Otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Viral conjunctivitis is associated with what?

A

Pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which two microorganisms are known to be a cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which virus is known to a cause of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what other viral agents can cause conjunctivitis?

A

Enterovirus (infants and children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What viruses can cause severe conjunctivitis?

A

Herpes simplex 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which bacteria can cause a severe case of conjunctivitis ?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which bacteria can cause vision loss in neonates?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which bacteria can causes urethritis in adults?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which bacteria can cause pneumonia in neonates?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which other bacteria can cause disseminated urethritis in adults?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are some manifestations of conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation, blood vessel dilation (cause of pink eye), fullness, burning, grit, foreign body, excessive tearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis will cause…

A

purulent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what other manifestations can be seen in conjunctivitis?

A

Petechial hemorrhages, lymphatic tissue hypertrophy, preauricular lymphadenopathy, photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Neonates are susceptible to what condition during the first 10 days of life?

A

Opthalmia neonatorum

Can be caused by chlamydia/gonorrhea/HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which class of chlamydial infection will lead to red itchy eyes and pues formation 5-10 days post birth

A

D-K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which subtypes of chlamydia causes entropion?

A

A-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which other bacteria is also responsible for a red itchy eye with ours formation 5-10 days post birth?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Which bacteria is responsible for the sticky eye?

A

S aureus

49
Q

Which virus causes a red, itchy eye with thin exudate and photophobia?

A

Adenovirus

50
Q

For patients who suffer from conjunctivitis we should figure out if they…

A

Have any respiratory tract infections, have any sexually transmitted diseases, or have any fever blisters (cold sores)

51
Q

Which agents are known to cause follicular conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus, chlamydia, HSV

52
Q

The pathogens sis of conjunctivitis depends if the host has…

A

Defense alterations like an immmature immune system, a microbiota imbalance, or the bacterial species that they are exposed to

53
Q

Can external contamination like not cleaning eye contact lenses lead to the development of conjunctivitis?

A

Yes

54
Q

Can antibiotic use induce a microbiota imbalance and hence leading to a conjunctivitis?

A

yes

55
Q

Can rubbing your eyes lead to a conjunctivitis?

A

Yes

56
Q

What procedure should be performed if there is no improvement of the conjunctivitis after 58-72 hours?

A

Follicle scraping

57
Q

what is the treatment for viral conjunctivitis?

A

Supportive care, artificial tears, cold compress, antibiotic drops (for secondary bacterial infection), corticosteroids (to manage the inflammation)

58
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial infection?

A

Antibiotic drops

59
Q

If the patient has a eye infection caused by gonorrhea, what antibiotics can be used?

A

Norfloxacin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone,cefotaxime , spectinomycin

60
Q

Which is the most common antibiotic used for an eye infection caused by gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone 1g

61
Q

which antibiotics should be considered if the eye infection is caused by a chlamydia bacteria?

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Erythromycin

62
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea fue to an infectious cause

63
Q

With keratitis there is a risk of what?

A

Perforation which can lead to sight loss. This will depend on the aggressiveness of the etiológical agent

64
Q

what are the most common bacterial causes of keratitis?

A

Staph aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa

65
Q

Which viral agents can be responsible for keratitis?

A

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, adenovirus

66
Q

which is the most common fungi that is responsible for keratitis?

A

Candida albicans

67
Q

Which other fungi can cause keratitis?

A

Hyphal fungi
Aspergillus
Fusarium

68
Q

Which parasites cause keratitis?

A

Acanthamoeba and Hartmanella

69
Q

What are some manifestations of keratitis?

A

Eye pain, vision impairment, photophobia, tearing, hypopyon

70
Q

What are some manifestations of a keratitis infection due to strep pneumoniae?

A

Well defined ulcer, Sharp margins, grey base, hypopyon on early stage

71
Q

What are the manifestations of a keratitis due to gonorrhea?

A

Rapid progression, perforation, newborns

72
Q

What are the manifestations of a keratitis infection due to pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Most destructive, rapid spread, rapid perforation, severe pain, large hypopyon, green exudate, liquid infiltrate

73
Q

What is a manifestation of a keratitis infection caused by the HSV-1/2 virus?

A

Branching dendritic ulcer

74
Q

What are some manifestations of a keratitis infection due to the adenovirus?

A

Bilateral (both eyes are affected), the conjunctiva is also affected (bulbar and palpebral), subepithelial corneal infiltrates concentrated in central cornea

75
Q

What what are some causes of a keraitirsjb abused by a fungal infection?

A

Trauma, organic matter contamination

76
Q

Chronic use of glucocorticoids eye drops increases the chance of what?

A

Of someone acquiring a keratitis infection due to a fungus

77
Q

In a fungal keratitis infection, we will have a..

A

Superficial and raised hypopyon

78
Q

When viewing a keratitis infection caused by a fungus, what can we see?

A

satellite lesions, immune ring, irregular infiltrate

79
Q

What is the most causitive agent of keratitis?

A

Bacterial infection then HSV

80
Q

What are some risk factors that predispose someone to developing a keratitis?

A

Trauma, contact lenses, ocular surgery, diabetes, immuno suppression, defective tear production

81
Q

How does a keratitis infection due to a bacteria look like?

A

Corneal opacity and/or infiltrate (round white spot), red eye, photophobia, foreign body sensation

82
Q

What will the patient present if he/she has a keratitis infection due to HSV?

A

Red eyes, photophobia, foreign body sensation, watery discharge, branching grey opacity

83
Q

The HAV virus tends to reactivate in the…

A

Ocular branch of the trigéminal nerve

84
Q

Where is the HSV going to replicate in someone with keratitis?

A

The corneal epithelial cells

85
Q

What can be observed in A-Prjmary infectious keratitis?

A

Vesicular eruption of the eyelid, infection of the cornea leading to corneal ulcers

86
Q

Is recurrent herpes keratitis more common that primary keratitis?

A

Yes

87
Q

Mild irritation and photophobia can be appreciated in?

A

Recurrent herpes keratitis

88
Q

Patients with a keratitis caused by an adenovirus can experience what symptoms?

A

Photophobia and foreign body sensation

  • multiple punctuate staining lesions can be seen and periauricular lymphadenopathy
89
Q

Which serotypes are the most responsible for an adenovirus keratitis?

A

3 and 19

90
Q

When the adenovirus infects the eye, there is initial infection of what?

A

Infection of conjunctiva which easily spreads bilaterally

91
Q

How to diagnose a keratitis caused by a parasite?

A

Scrapings

Perform a calcoflour stain

92
Q

How to diagnose a keratitis caused by a fungus?

A

Scrapings

Perform a gram stain

93
Q

Diagnosis of a bacterial keratitis is based on?

A

Gram stain results

94
Q

When should a doctor perform systemic treatment in a patient with bacterial keratitis?

A

If there is a case of perforation

95
Q

What two antibiotics would you use to treat strep pneumoniae?

A

Bacitracin and Gentamicin

96
Q

What two antibiotics would you use to treat staphylococcus aureus?

A

Cephalosporin and Bacitracin

97
Q

What two antibiotics would you use to treat pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Tobramycin and gentamicin

98
Q

What antibiotic would you choose to treat E.Coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus?

A

Gentamicin

99
Q

What two antibiotics would you use to treat chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Doxycycline and erythromycin (neonates and infants)

100
Q

is viral keratitis usually self limited?

A

Yes

101
Q

What two antibiotics would you use to treat HSV

A

Acyclovir and trifluridine

102
Q

What antiviral would you use to treat adenovirus?

A

Cidofovir

103
Q

What antiviral would you use to treat varicella-zoster virus?

A

Famciclovir, acyclovir and valacyclovir

104
Q

what two antifúngica la would you choose to treat candida albicans?

A

Amphotericin B and flucytosine

105
Q

What antifungal would you choose to treat hyphal fungi?

A

Natamycin

106
Q

what drugs would you use to treat acanthamoeba?

A

Neomycin and pentamidine isethionate

107
Q

What microorganism can cause chorioretinitis?

A

Toxoplasma Gondi

108
Q

Toxoplasma Gondi can be transmitted through what?

A

Cat feces and undercooked pork meat

109
Q

The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based primarily on what?

A

The chorioretinal lesión rather than serological studies

110
Q

If a neonate acquires toxoplasmosis it was probably a…

A

Utero infection

111
Q

If an aids patient has a WBC count of less than 100 there I’ll be what type of spread in toxoplasma Gondi?

A

Hematogenous spread

112
Q

What is the treatment for choriorenitis?

A

Prymethamine and sulfadiazine

113
Q

Which is another causative agent responsible for chorioretinitis?

A

CMV virus

114
Q

retinitis along a vascular distribution is a typical what?

A

CMV infection

115
Q

In a patient with AIDS, if they acquire a cmv infection that leads to a chorioretinitis how would that look like?

A

Full-thickness retinal necrosis, edema, atrophic scar tissue, tearing, retinal detachment, no regenerations of retinal tissue, vision loss

116
Q

In the biopsy for CMV, what characteristic can be seen?

A

Owls eye

117
Q

Can CMV be found in a urine sample?

A

Yes

118
Q

Can PCR help in the detection of CMV?

A

Yes

119
Q

What can be used to clear the cmv infection in a patient with chorioretinitis?

A

Gangciclovir

The eye (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions