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PCM Year 1 Final 2 > Eye Exam > Flashcards

Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is eyelid inversion or eversion associated with ↑ risk of?

A

↑risk of infection

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2
Q

What are some relevant associated sx for eye complaints?

A 
–pain
–drainage
–itching/burning
–vision change
–blurry vision
–flashing lights
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3
Q

Why should you NEVER dilate the pupils if a pt has a shallow anterior chamber?

A

May represent acute angle glaucoma

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4
Q

What is lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy?

A

Change in fat tissue/elasticity in the periorbital area

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5
Q

What movement is associated with the inferior oblique muscle?

A

Up, in

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6
Q

What movement is associated with the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Out

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7
Q

What does the cover/uncover test assess? What are possible findings?

A

–assesses imbalance of corneal light reflex
–when the left eye is covered, the right eye moves outward to pick up the fixation (exotropia)
–estropia: eye turns in

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8
Q

What is a whitish scar in the cornea associated with?

A

Abrasion or ulcer

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9
Q

What is associated with erythema of the conjunctiva?

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

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10
Q

Identify significant past medical hx that is related to the eye

A 
–glaucoma
–DM
–thyroid dz
–ASCD
–collagen vascular dz
–HIV
–IBD
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11
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A

Whitish lipid deposition encircling the iris, common in pts>60YO– consider checking cholesterol levels if pt is <40YO

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12
Q

What is proptosis/exophthalmos?

A

Protruding eyes, associated with hyperthyroidism

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13
Q

What are Drusen bodies?

A

Precursor to macular degeneration

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14
Q

What is nevus of ota (oculodermal melanocytosis)?

A

Blue sclera

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15
Q

What movement is associated with the superior rectus muscle?

A

Up, out

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16
Q

What might be associated with hard sensation or pain upon palpation of the eyelid over the globe?

A

–hyperthyroidism
–glaucoma
–retrobulbar tumor

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17
Q

What is icterus and what might it be associated with?

A

Icterus= yellow sclera

–associated with neonatal, liver dz, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder dz

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18
Q

What is erythema of the eyelids/eyelashes associated with?

A

Contact dermatitis/allergies, blepharitis

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19
Q

What might a blue sclera signify?

A

Blue sclera is inherited, seen frequently in brittle bone dz

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20
Q

What movement is associated wit the medial rectus muscle?

A

In

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21
Q

What might brown or gray spots in the sclera signify?

A

–birthmarks
–↑melanin in sclera
–↑risk for glaucoma

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22
Q

What are xanthomas?

A

Cholesterol deposits in the periorbital area

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23
Q

What might disc cupping signify?

A

Glaucoma

24
Q

What is pterygium?

A

Pinkish triangular tissue growth on the cornea of the eye due to sun exposure; no sx

25
Q

How do you test for the direct and consensual constriction?

A

Darken the room→shine light into one eye→ both eyes should constrict→repeat with other eye

26
Q

How do you perform a funduscopic exam?

A

–move in flowing lateral blood vessel centrally
–focus on optic disc (yellow-orange oval)
–examine optic disc to see if margins are sharp

27
Q

How are arterioles and venules different?

A

Arterioles are smaller and brighter than venules; oxygenated blood makes them appear more red

28
Q

What might retina proliferation signify?

A

HTN or DM

29
Q

What is entropion?

A

Eyelid inversion

30
Q

What might a clear/transparent lens signify?

A

Normal

31
Q

How can exotropia/esotropia be treated? What may result if it is not treated?

A

–patching in young children, surgery if bathing fail
–if not treated, brain will choose to focus with unaffected eye and other eye will lose vision
–cosmetic appearance also has social implications for children

32
Q

What is “normal” vision and what do these numbers represent?

A

20/20

First # indicates the distance the pt is from the chart, second # indicates the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters

33
Q

What is papilledema and how might it present?

A

–↑intracranial pressure

–presents as irregular, “swollen” borders of the optic disc

34
Q

What are scabs/new skin lesions on the eyelids/eyelashes associated with?

A

BCC or SCC

35
Q

What is associated with purulence?

A

Conjunctivitis

36
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

Pupil dilation

37
Q

What is ptosis?

A

Dropping eyelids

38
Q

What might a yellow or gray lens signify?

A

Cataracts; or can be normal in prisons with ↑melanin

39
Q

What might cotton wool spots signify?

A

Vascular dz from HTN or DM

40
Q

What movement is associated with the inferior rectus muscle?

A

Down, out

41
Q

What does the corneal sensitivity with cotton test?

A

CNV– sensory

CN VII– motor

42
Q

What are pts at risk for if their eye lids do not close completely?

A

Corneal abrasions

43
Q

What is the proper way to use an ophthalmoscope?

A

–use your right hand for the patient’s right eye and your left hand for the patient’s left eye
–index finger
–use large round white beam
–have pt lok at fixed point on wall behind examiner
–lower the intensity of the light
–start about 15” away and move closer until you are almost cheek to cheek

44
Q

What is dacrocystitis?

A

Infection in the tear duct

45
Q

Which direction of nystagmus is always bad?

A

Vertical

46
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Painless bump or nodule in the eyelid due to a blocked Meibomian gland; can be tender if it becomes inflamed

47
Q

What movement is associated with the superior oblique muscle?

A

Down, in

48
Q

What dz is a rash from the periorbital area to the hairline associated with?

A

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

49
Q

What might brown speckles in the lens signify?

A

Cataracts

50
Q

What does PERRLA stand for?

A

Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

51
Q

What is ectropion?

A

Eyelid eversion

52
Q

List some medications that can have ocular side effects

A 
–steroids
–plaquenil
–antihistamines
–antidepressants
–antipsychotics
–antiarrhythmics
–beta blockers
53
Q

What are some relevant ROS for eye complaints?

A

–general: fever, weight change
–neuro: headache, motor weakness, speech/swallow, dizziness, poor balance
–CV: dysrhythmias, chest pain
–endo: excessive thirst, frequent urination, sx c/w hypoglycemia
–MSK: back pain, joint pain
–skin: frequent infections, dry skin
–GI: change in bowel function

54
Q

What is a hordeolum?

A

Painful bump located along the lash line and associated with a blocked Meibomian gland or tear eyelash follicle of tear gland

55
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelid

56
Q

What is a brown tint from hyphema in the cornea associated with?

A

Blood from trauma in the anterior chamber

57
Q

What does EOMI stand for?

A

Extraocular muscles intact

PCM Year 1 Final 2 (5 decks)

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