Eye Exam Flashcards
“flashing lights” or a “curtain/veil” in a person’s eyesight is suggestive of what process?
Retinal detatchment
Vision changes in a pt with a history of trauma and lens placement = ?
Lens displacement
What is the vital sign of the eye?
visual acuity
What is the first step in any eye complaint, save for chemical injury?
Visual acuity
What is the role of pinhole testing?
Used if a patient’s corrective lenses are unavailable to test for acuity
How is a patient’s visual acuity charted with the use of a Snellen chart?
Document at the last line able to get half of letters correct. 20/x + # wrong (e.g. 20/40-2)
True or false: a pinhole occluder can assist with presbyopia
True
What is an Allen chart?
Visual acuity test showing pictures for testing children
What motion of the eye are the oblique muscles primarily responsible for?
Inferior = superior medial Superior = inferomedial
What eye muscles are responsible for movement of the eye superolaterally, and inferolaterally?
Superolaterally = superior rectus
Inferolaterally = inferior rectus
What are the causes of monocular diplopia? (3)
- Corneal irregularity
- Lens problem
- Intraocular lens dislocation
Resolution of diplopia when one eye is covered suggests what etiology of the diplopia?
EOM dysfunction
A positive afferent pupillary defect indicates what pathology?
Optic nerve disorder or light is not getting to CNS (e.g. vitreous hemorrhage, lens opacification etc)
True or false: an afferent pupillary defect will cause a baseline anisocoria?
False–needs to be tested for directly
How do you differentiate baseline anisocoria from pathologic?
Physiologic has no other symptoms, and is less than 1 mm difference
What are four major causes of pathologic anisocoria?
- Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
- intraocular surgery
- Trauma
- Uncal herniation
What breathing treatment can cause anisocoria if splashed into the eye?
Ipratropium (anticholinergic)
True or false: attempting to reverse the cause of a chemically altered pupil can be useful diagnostically
False–results are unreliable
How can you assess for an orbital blowout in trauma on physical exam? (2)
- Palpate the orbital rim for step offs
- Assess for SQ emphysema
What is the only part of the anterior segment of the eye that cannot be assessed with a slit lamp exam?
Ciliary body
Bulbar and palpebral follicles are commonly seen in what etiologies of an injected eye?
Viral or allergic
What is hypopyon?
WBCs in the anterior chamber
What is hyphema?
Blood in the anterior chamber
What is flare?
The appearance of “headlights in fog” in the anterior chamber, cause by increased protein, common to inflammatory conditions such as iritis
What causes pupil irregularity?
One portion of the iris is tethered into place
What causes the pupil irregularity seen with uveitis?
Iris is adhesed to the anterior lens capsule
Why must you always remove contact lenses prior to staining with fluorescein?
Will stain lens
What is the normal artery to vein thickness?
2:3
What is the normal intraocular pressure?
10-20 mmHg
Where should your fingers be placed when measuring intraocular pressure?
On the bony orbit, so as to not falsely increase the pressure in the globe
