Eye exam Flashcards
1
Q
describe the use of the snellen card, explain a normal test, and demonstrate it
A
- tests visual acuity
- 20/20 is normal
- hold chart 6 ft away- read at least 2 lines of leters in decreasing size
- cover one eye at a time; examine both eyes
2
Q
demonstrate confrontation testing for peripheral vision assessment and explain what it is used for
A
- assess visual field
- pt and dr cover 1 eye, eyes staring straight ahead
- dr holds up fingers and brings it peripheral to central
- pt states when they see the object in each visual quadrant
- compare bilaterally
3
Q
demonstrate an exam of the orbital conjunctiva
A
- depress lower eyelid, have pt look up
- raise upper eyelid, have pt look down
- states conjunctiva looks clear without foreign bodies, erythema, purulence, or overgrowths/ptergiums
- eversion of upper eyelid- to remove foreign bodies
4
Q
demonstrate an examination of the cornea and sclera
A
- shines a light from the sides bilaterally
- states cornea, anterior chamber, and lens are normally clear; sclera is normally white
- states iris nad pupil are normally round and equal size
- bilaterally pupillary contraction is normal- pupillary light reflex (optic and oculomotor n’s)
5
Q
demonstrate extraocular m testing
A
- pt’s head stationary
- pt follow object making an “H” pattern
- oculomotor n innervates MR, IR, SR, IO m’s
- trochlear n- SO m
- abducens n- LR m
- nystagmus is involutnary, jerking movements of eye
6
Q
demonstrate the corneal light reflex and the cover/uncover test
A
- pt stares straight ahead
- corneal light reflex- symmetry
- cover 1 eye and observe uncovered eye
- remove cover and watch for movement of newly uncovered eye
- compare bilaterally- no eye movement thruout covering and uncovering is normal
- esotropia- medially turned eye
- exotropia- laterally turned eye
7
Q
demonstrate a funduscopic exam
A
- opthalmoscope- examines retina/posterior chamber/fundus
- mydriasis/pupillary dilation- used to improve visualization
- pt looks over dr’s shoulder
- place hand on head of pt
- right hand, right eye, pt’s right eye
- move the light lateral to midline
- red reflex- normal reflection of light off the retina
- reduce light, focus on iris
- follow lateral BV centally to optic disc
- arterioles are brighter/smaller than venules
8
Q
inspection
A
- symmetry
- orbits
- lids
- sclera
- conjunctiva
9
Q
overgrowth of cornea?
A
pterygium
10
Q
lateral drift?
A
exotropia
11
Q
misalignment of eyes?
A
strabismus
-can result in amblyopia (lazy eye) with reduced visual acuity
(exotropia, esotropia)
12
Q
rhythmical oscillation of eyes?
A
-nystagmus- indicates ocular weakness
13
Q
unequal size of pupils
A
-anisocoria
14
Q
eyelid inflammation
A
blepharitis
15
Q
yellow sclerus
A
scleral icterus
