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PCM Final > Eye Exam > Flashcards

Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is this condition called?

A

Esophoria

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2
Q

What is this condition called?

A

Exophoria

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3
Q

How do you evaluate exophoria and esophoria?

A

The cover test.

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4
Q

Identify these structures

A
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5
Q

Identify these structures.

A
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6
Q

Identify these structures

A
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7
Q

Identify these structures

A
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8
Q

What are the element of the examination of the eye

(8)

A

1•Visual Acuity
2•Color blindness
3•Visual field testing
4•External examination
5•Conjunctiva and sclera
6•Cornea, lens and pupil
7•Extra-ocular movement
8•The ophthalmoscopic examination

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9
Q

20/100

What do these two numbers mean?

What are the acronyms for the eyes?

A

20: distance of patient from chart
100: The distance a normal eye could read the section of the chart visible to the patient.

O.S.: Left

O.D.: Right

O.U.: Both

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10
Q

What is this condition called?

What test is used to identify this condition?

A

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Visual Field test by confrontation

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11
Q

What is this condition called?

A

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

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12
Q

What is this condition referred to as?

A

Quadrantic defects

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13
Q

If a patient can read a newspaper or magazine at 14 inches, what is their vision?

A

20/40

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14
Q

What is this condition called? What causes it?

A

Exopthalmos

Hyperthyroidism - Grave’s Disease

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15
Q

What is this condition?

A

Entropion - inwardly turned eyelids

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16
Q

What is this condition?

A

Ectropion - Outwardly turned eyelid

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17
Q

What are the following/where are they located?

Conjunctiva –

Bulbar conjunctiva –

Palpebral conjunctiva –

A

Conjunctiva – clear mucus membrane which covers the eye

   Bulbar conjunctiva – covers the anterior eye

   Palpebral conjunctiva – lines the eyelids
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18
Q

What does this person have?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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19
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

unequal pupils greater than 0.5 mm

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20
Q

Define the following:

Direct Reaction –

Consensual Reaction –

Accommodation –

Convergence –

A

Direct Reaction – Constriction of the

                            same pupil

Consensual Reaction – Constriction of the

        opposite pupil

Accommodation – Change in pupil and lens

                for near and far objects

Convergence – Eyes look inward to focus on

          a near object
21
Q

What is the mnemonic for normal pupillary reaction to light? What does it stand for?

A

PERRLA

Pupils equal, round, react to light and accomodation

22
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

fine rhythmic oscillations of the eyes at the extreme lateral gaze

23
Q

What does EOMI stand for?

A

Extra ocular movement intact

24
Q

How does one assess extra ocular movement?

A

The H test.

25
Q

During opthalmoscopic examination what are the three aspects of the optic disc we are looking for?

A

a. Clarity of the disc margin
b. Color of the disc
c. Central physiologic cup

     (A small whitish depression

     within the optic disc)
26
Q

Which line depicts the blind spot?

A
27
Q

How would a lesion at position three present in a patients field of view?

A
28
Q

How would a lesion at position 1 present.

A
29
Q

What would a lesion at position 2 look like in a patients field of view?

A
30
Q

How would a lesion at position 4 present in a patients field of view?

A
31
Q

How would a lesion at position 5 present?

A
32
Q

How would a lesion at position 6 present in a patients field of view?

A
33
Q

What is this condition called? Describe it.

A

Pinguecula – small nodule on the

bulbar conjunctiva, does not cross

over to the cornea.

34
Q

What is this condition called? Describe it.

A

Pterygium – thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva which grows across the cornea.

35
Q

What is this condition?

A

Sty – infection at the margin

of the eyelid

36
Q

Name and describe this condition

A

Chalazion – painless nodule involving

the Meibomian gland

37
Q

What is this condition called? What is it associated with? What is the treatment?

A

Xanthelasma – flat yellow plaques

Found under the eye.

Associated with hyperlipidemias.

No treatment, investigate lipids and

Cholesterol.

38
Q

What is this condition called? What can cause it?

A

Ptosis – drooping of the upper eyelid.

Horner’s Syndrome – ptosis, miosis and

anhydrosis – sympathetic innervation

Bell’s Palsy – CN VII

39
Q

Name this condition. What causes it? What are the symptoms and how do you treat?

A

Conjunctivitis – infection or

inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Discomfort, discharge.

Topical antibiotics.

40
Q

What is this condition? What causes it?

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage – leakage of

Blood under the conjunctiva.

Painless, sharply demarcated, resolves on

its own.

41
Q

From left to right, name the conditions.

What is the overall type of condition? Describe it.

A

corneal injury or infection, Acute Iritis, Glaucoma

Ciliary injection – inflammation of the radiating vessels around the limbus.

Very painful, vision affected.

Ocular emergency.

42
Q

What is this condition called? What causes it?

A

Hyphema – Blood in the anterior chamber.

Due to trauma.

43
Q

This is an example of papilledema, describe this condition.

A

Papilledema – disc is swollen with blurred

margins. Physiologic cup is not visible.

Increased intracranial pressure.

44
Q

This is an example of glaucomatous cupping, describe the condition.

A

Increased intraocular pressure

Causes increased disc cupping.

The physiologic cup is enlarged

occupying more than half of the

Disc’s diameter.

45
Q

What are the Hypertensive changes of the artery to the light reflex?

A

Focal or generalized narrowing – the arterial

walls thicken and light reflex is narrowed.

46
Q

Describe AV Nicking. What is this related to?

A

Related to hypertension,

Arterial walls become thickened

and lose transparency. Atherosclerotic

changes.

The veins appear to taper as the

artery crosses.

47
Q

What condition is this related to? Identify the indicated phenomenon from top to bottom.

A

Once again, hypertensive retinopathy. (Three slides on this one… for what thats worth)

Top: Cotton wool patches - infarcted nerve fibers

Middle: Copper or silver wiring

Bottom: AV Nicking

48
Q

What does condition does this horror show depict?

A

Ocular Melanoma

PCM Final (8 decks)

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