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PSP Winter Exam > Eye Exam > Flashcards

Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

External Eye components

A

eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eye muscles, bony orbit

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2
Q

What gland provides oils to the tear film?

A

Meibomian glands

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3
Q

The conjunctiva is divided into two parts?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva - covers the inside of the eyelid

Bulbar conjunctiva - covers anterior surface of the eye (except cornea and eyelid in contact with the globe)

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4
Q

What gland produces tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

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5
Q

What muscles are controlled by the oculomotor n. (CN III)?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris, Superior Inferior and Medial Rectus, and Inferior Oblique m.

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6
Q

What extraocular muscles are controlled by abducens (CN VI)?

A

Lateral Rectus m.

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7
Q

What extraocular muscles are controlled by trochlear n. (CN IV)?

A

Superior Oblique m.

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8
Q

Internal Eye components

A

Sclera, cornea, uvea, choroid, ciliary body, iris, retina

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9
Q

Dense, AVASCULAR, the “white” of the eye, physically supports the eye

A

Sclera

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10
Q

The anterior 6th of the globe continuous with the sclera, clear, RICH INNERVATION, AVASCULAR

A

Cornea

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11
Q

Composed of choroid, ciliary body, iris

A

Uvea

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12
Q

circular, contractile muscular disc containing pigment cells, controls the aperture of the pupil

A

Iris

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13
Q

produces the aqueous humor and contains the muscles controlling accommodation

A

Ciliary body

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14
Q

pigmented, richly vascular layer that supplies oxygen to the outer layer of the retina

A

Choroid

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15
Q

biconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris. Highly elastic and contraction/relaxation of the ciliary body changes its thickness (depending on distance)

A

Lens

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16
Q

Sensory network of eye, transforms light to electrical impulses

A

Retina

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17
Q

Point on retina where vessels and nerves converge, creating a blind spot

A

Optic disc

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18
Q

Point of greatest visual acuity

A

Macula densa

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19
Q

What weeks do eyes develop?

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

Term infants are hyperopic, which means…?

A

visual acuity less than 20/400

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21
Q

Peripheral visions develops….

A

by birth

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22
Q

Central vision is developed by…

A

3-4 months

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23
Q

Adult acuity is achieved by….

A

4 years old

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24
Q

Eye changes when pregnant

A

hypersensitivity, refractory power changes, greasy sensation or blurred vision for contact wearers, spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhages due to decreased intraocular pressure

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25
Q

Presbyopia occurs in older adults, meaning….

A

progressive weakening of accommodation (ability to focus)

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26
Q

What age does the lens become more rigid and ciliary muscles weaken?

A

45 years

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27
Q

Lens fibers become denser centrally as we age, known as…

A

cataract formation (clouding of the lens that can become partially or totally opaque

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28
Q

Risk Factors for cataracts

A

steroid use, UV light, cigarette smoke, diabetes, aging

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29
Q

Diplopia

A

seeing double images, not blurred vision

30
Q

Older adults eyes

A

decrease in central vision, excessive tearing, dry eyes, scleral brown spots, eye pain at night

31
Q

Pregnant women eyes

A

pregnancy-induced hypertension PIH or gestational diabetes; diplopia, scrotomata, blurred vision, amaurosis

32
Q

How far away must a patient stand from the snellen chart

A

20 ft

33
Q

legally blind

A

20/200

34
Q

20/20 means

A

the patient can read at 20 feet what the normal person can read at 20 feet; smaller fraction - worse vision

35
Q

Confrontation test

A

Tests peripheral vision; only suggest abnormalities

36
Q

What do eyebrows tell you about thyroid function?

A

coarse, short may be hypothyroidism

37
Q

xanthelasma

A

elevated plaque of cholesterol deposited in macrophages (medial portion of eye)

38
Q

eyelids sign for hyperthyroidism

A

twitching of eyelids

39
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of an eyelid (congenital or acquired weakness) CNIII

40
Q

ectropion

A

lower lid is turned away from the eye exposing the inside of the lower lid

41
Q

entropion

A

lower lid turned in to eye and eyelashes cause irritation

42
Q

Hordeolum

A

acute suppurative inflammation of the follicle of an eyelash can cause a red or yellow lump

43
Q

crusting along the eyelashes

A

blepharitis by bacterial infection, seborrhea, psoriasis, rosacea, or allergies

44
Q

lagophthalmos

A

eyelids that do not completely close to cover the eyes

45
Q

subconjunctiva hemorrhage

A

bright red bloody spot next to healthy conjunctiva

46
Q

pterygium

A

abnormal growth of conjunctiva over the cornea from the limbus

47
Q

arcus senilis

A

lipid deposits in the periphery of the cornea, common after age 60, indicates lipid dysfunction before 40

48
Q

miosis

A

constricted pupils bilaterally <2mm, drug-related

49
Q

mydriasis

A

pupillary dilation bilaterally >6mm, with coma

50
Q

iridocyclitis

A

failure to constrict with light stimulus

51
Q

anisocoria

A

noticeable differences in pupil size

52
Q

iritis constrictive response

A

uveitis, pupil constriction and reddened eye

53
Q

oculomotor damage

A

pupil dilated and fixed in the lateral downward

54
Q

adie pupil

A

dilated or slowly responsive pupil due to impairment of parasympathetics

55
Q

senile hyaline plaque

A

dark, slate gray pigment just anterior to the medial rectus attachment

56
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic movement of the eye

57
Q

strabismus

A

esotropic: inward drifting of eye
exotropic: outward drifting of eye
both eyes cannot focus on 1 object simultaneously, but can focus separately

58
Q

drusen bodies

A

small discete spots more yellow

59
Q

myelinated retinal nerve fibers

A

optic disc is ill-defined and obscured vessels

60
Q

papilledema

A

loss of definition of the optic disc, due to increased intracranial pressure

61
Q

glaucomatous optic nerve head

A

“cupping” of the optic disc disappearnce of blood vessels,

62
Q

episleritis

A

inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles

63
Q

band keratopathy

A

deposition of calcium in the superficial cornea

64
Q

corneal ulcer

A

disruption of the corneal epithelium or stroma

65
Q

horner’s syndrome

A

interruption of sympathetic supply to the eye, miosis, ptosis and hemiandriosis

66
Q

cataracts

A

opacity in lens

67
Q

diabetic retinopathy (background)

A

dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms

68
Q

diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)

A

new blood vessels, floaters, blurred vision, progressive visual acuity loss

69
Q

lipemia retinalis

A

serum tryiglycerides >2000, salmon-pink vessels to whitish

70
Q

glaucoma

A

nerve cells die producing a characteristic look to the optic nerve, peripheral vision loss, halos, pain

71
Q

retinal hemorrhages in infancy

A

bilateral hemorrhaging

PSP Winter Exam (3 decks)

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