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Pathophysiology Exam 2 > Eye & Ear Disorders > Flashcards

Eye & Ear Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

hyperopia

A

far-sightedness; anterior-to-posterior dimension of eyeball is too short –> focal point is posterior to retina

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2
Q

myopia

A

near-sightedness; anterior-to-posterior dimension of eye-ball is too long –> focal point is in front of retina

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3
Q

presbyopia

A

difficulty focusing on things up close due to decreased flexibility of lens; associated with aging

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4
Q

strabismus

A

abnormality of eye coordination or alignment that results in loss of binocular vision

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5
Q

amblyopia

A

“lazy eye”; diminished vision in one eye when there is no detectable lesion in the eye

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6
Q

diplopia

A

double vision due to misalignment of binocular vision

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7
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic oscillation of eye movements

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8
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of upper eyelid due to weakness of levator muscle that holds eyelid up

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9
Q

ectropion

A

lower lid is turned outward

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10
Q

entropion

A

lower lid is turned inward

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11
Q

hordeolum

A

stye; infection of sebaceous glands of eyelid

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12
Q

chalazion

A

chronic inflammatory granuloma of meibomian gland that may follow an internal hordeolum

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13
Q

viral conjunctivitis

A

viral infection of the conjunctiva (pink eye); characterized by watery discharge, redness, and photophobia

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14
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

bacterial infection of the conjunctiva; characterized by purulent discharge

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15
Q

bacteria that cause conjunctivitis

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea

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16
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea due to infection or irritation; characterized by severe pain and photophobia

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17
Q

glaucoma

A

vision loss due to optic nerve damage caused by increased intraocular pressure

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18
Q

primary open-angle glaucoma

A
  • chronic, slow progression

- starts with blind spots in periphery, which spread and progress centrally until all vision is loss; irreversible

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19
Q

acute angle-closure glaucoma

A
  • acute, rapid onset due to rapid increase in IOP; an emergency condition
  • pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, vision loss
20
Q

cataracts

A

progressive opacity or clouding of the lens; blurred vision over visual field

21
Q

macular degeneration

A
  • degeneration of the fovea (central part of retinal macula; where vision signals are received)
  • starts with vision loss in central field, expands outward
22
Q

dry/atrophic macular degeneration

A
  • occurs due to fatty deposits (drusen) that develop in macula which cause damage and scar tissue on fovea
  • slow progression
23
Q

wet/exudative macular degeneration

A
  • issue with microvasculature of eye, causing leakage of blood into fovea
  • rapid
24
Q

retinal detachment

A
  • an emergency condition; causes bright flashes in peripheral vision, blurred vision, floaters
  • no pain
  • result of trauma
25
Q

herpes zoster keratitis

A
  • an emergency condition; inflammation of the cornea due to herpes simplex infection
  • causes pain, redness, tearing, blurred vision, photophobia
26
Q

central retinal artery occlusion

A
  • an emergency condition; ischemia of the eye

- sudden, painless vision loss

27
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the external ear

28
Q

otorrhea

A

drainage from the ear, coming out of external auditory canal

29
Q

barotrauma

A

damage to tympanic membrane due to changes in pressure in middle ear

30
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

31
Q

acute otitis media (AOM)

A
  • inflammation of the middle ear due to infection; pathogen growth due to effusion in middle ear
  • redness and bulging of tympanic membrane
32
Q

otitis media with effusion (OME)

A
  • caused by trapping of effusion in middle ear due to obstruction in eustachian tube
  • no infection or inflammatory response
33
Q

mastoiditis

A

infection of the mastoid bone; usually spreads from inner ear infection

34
Q

otosclerosis

A
  • formation of spongy bone around stapes and oval window of middle ear
  • progressive hearing loss; conductive (three bones of middle ear can’t transmit sound waves) and sensorineural (due to pressure on middle ear structures)
35
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

issues transmitting sound from external ear to internal ear; sound is not produced through tympanic membrane and three bones

36
Q

labyrinthitis (otitis interna)

A

inflammation of of the inner ear

37
Q

otosclerosis

A
  • formation of spongy bone around stapes and oval window of middle ear; sound waves are not transmitted adequately through middle ear
  • leads to progressive deafness
  • pressure on middle ear structures –> tinnitus, vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss
38
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

issues transmitting sound from external ear to internal ear; sound is not produced through tympanic membrane and three bones

39
Q

labyrinthitis (otitis interna)

A

inflammation of of the inner ear

40
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

issues with auditory nerve or auditory pathways to the brain

41
Q

benign paroxysmal position vertigo

A

sudden onset of vertigo due to quick movement of head

42
Q

objective vertigo

A

illusion that everything is moving around you when sitting still

43
Q

subjective vertigo

A

illusion that you are in motion and the room is still

44
Q

benign paroxysmal position vertigo

A

sudden onset of vertigo due to quick movement of head

45
Q

Méniére disease

A
  • feeling of unbalance due to fluid buildup in the inner ear, causing pressure on the cochlea and vestibule
  • causes episodes of tinnitus, fullness of the ear, and violent rotary vertigo

Pathophysiology Exam 2 (3 decks)

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