eye/ear disorders

Question 1

What class of OTC meds will most commonly cause dry eyes?

Answer 1

antihistamines

Question 2

characteristics of Dry Eyes

Answer 2

mildly red, gritty feeling

-both eyes

Question 3

characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 3

red, water discharge, ITCHING, blurry vision, puffy eyelids (AM)
-both eyes

Question 4

Viral conjunctivitis Characteristics

Answer 4

red, watery discharge, CONTAGIOUS

-one or both eyes

Question 5

Loose foreign substances - characteristics

Answer 5

tearing, irritation, uncontrollable blinking

-one eye

Question 6

Characteristics of chemical burn of Eye

Answer 6

PAIN, irritation, tearing, photophobia

• both eyes
• requires referral - immediate treatment

Question 7

Blepharitis characteristics

Answer 7

Inflammatory, crusty eyelids, red, scaling, loss of eyelashes, itching/burning
-both eyes

Question 8

Hordeolum characteristics

Answer 8

infection of one of the GLANDS/DUCTS of the eyelid.

-one eye

Question 9

Corneal edema

Answer 9

from overwear of contact lenses

• seeing halos/starbursts
• REFER for diagnosis first

Question 10

When to refer for eye disorder?

Answer 10

• Eye pain
• blurred vision not related to self-tx
• use of contact lens
• chemical or heat exposure
• light sensitivity
• symptoms present for >72 hours
• hordeolum, chalazion, blepharitis

Question 11

Dry Eyes Treatment

Answer 11

Dual therapy: Artificial tears + nonmed ointment

Question 12

Ointment ingredients for Dry eyes

Answer 12

Petrolatum + mineral oil +/- lanolin

Question 13

Artificial tears ingredients for Dry Eyes

Answer 13

cellulose ethers, PVA, povidone

Question 14

Dry eye Treatments frequency

Answer 14

Mild: artificial tears 1-2x per day
mod-severe: 3-4x per day
ointments: usually BID

Question 15

What are the main cause for irritation when treating dry eyes?

Answer 15

Preservative: BAK, benzethonium chloride, thimerosal;

disappearing preservatives: purite, sodium perborate

Question 16

Treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 16

Decongestants
Antihistamines
Antihistamine + Mast cell stabilizer

Question 17

Decongestants used to treat allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 17

For short term use only (<72 hrs.)
phenylephrine
naphazoline (preferred)
Tetrahydrozoline (preferred)
Oxymetazoline

Question 18

Phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline dose for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 18

1-2 drops up to 4x per day

Question 19

Tetrahydrozoline dose for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 19

1-2 drops every 4 hours

Question 20

Decongestants ADRs and CIs

Answer 20

-Little systemic effects.

Contraindications:pts with angle-closure glaucoma

Question 21

Antihistamines used to treat allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 21

AH monotherapy not as effect at combo with decongestant.
Pheniramine (+naphazoline)
Antazoline (naphazoline)
Brands: Naphcon-A, Opcon-@, Visine-A

Question 22

antihistamines dosing frequency for allergic ocnjunctivitis

Answer 22

1-2 drops OU Q6-8h

Question 23

ADRs with antihistamines for alelrgic conjunctivitis

Answer 23

burning, stinging, discomfort with application. Dilation w/ light eye color, contact use.

Question 24

Antihistamines for allergic conjunctivitis Contraindications

Answer 24

patients with angle-closure glaucoma