Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS Microbiology > Eye & Ear > Flashcards

Eye & Ear Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enumerate the defense mechanisms of the eye

A
  1. Eyelashes prevent the entry of foreign material
  2. They blink 15 to 20 times per minute so secretions of lacrimal glands & goblet cells can wash away bacteria
  3. Lysozymes & IgA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mention the routes of infection of eye

A
  1. Direct contact esp with trauma, contact lenses, fomites, hands…etc
  2. Infection through the blood e.g. CMV or nervous system e.g. HSV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infection of eyelid margins causes……while that of eyelid glands or follicles causes…..

A

Blepharitis
Sties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The general symptoms of eyelid infections

A

Irritation, redness, burning sensation, occasional itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the causative agents of conjunctivitis

A

Bac: S.aureus, S.pneumoniae, H.influenza, Moraxella, N.gonorrhea, C.trachomatis
Viruses: adenovirus, Enterovirus 70, Coxsackie virus A24, HSV-1, systemic infections, COVID-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mention the important virulence factors

A
  1. Cell-associated: protein A (binds Fc portion of Ig), clumping factor (bound coagulase), capsula (polysaccharide.
  2. Enzymes: free coagulase, beta lactamase
  3. Toxins: Alpha toxin (hemolytic), P-V leukocidin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Virulence factors of N.gororrhea

A
  1. Pili
  2. IgA protease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the structure of:
1. Adenovirus
2. Enterivirus 70 & Coxsackie virus A24
3. HSV-1

A
  1. Non-enveloped ds-DNA
  2. Non-enveloped ss-RNA
  3. Enveloped ds-DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the ocular diseases caused by adenovirus and their C/P

A

-Non-specific follicular conjunctivitis
-Acute pharyngoconjunctival fever in children having triad of fever, pharyngitis & conjunctivitis (swimming pool conjunctivitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ocular disease caused by Enterivirus 70 & Coxsackie virus A24 is…..

A

Acute severe hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

N.gonorrhea & C.trachomatis may result from……

A

Autoinoculation from a genital infection (via hands & fomites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe clinical manifestations of conjunctivitis

A

Red eye with excessive lacrimation, purulent sticky discharge in case of bacterial & watery discharge in case of viral infection. May start in one eye & spread to the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the causative agents of neonatal conjunctivitis in order of frequency

A
  1. C.trachomatis
  2. N.gonorrhea
  3. S.aureus
  4. S.pneumoniae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mention preventive measures of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Application of erythromycin eye drops or oinment immediately after delivery plays imp role in prevention of gonococcal infections. Oral erythromycin is preferred in chlamidial conjunctivitis prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All chlamidiae share…..detected by….., they also posses immunotype-specific proteins fetected by……

A

Group-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen, complement fixation test
Immunofluoresecnce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

…….types of C.trachomatis cause trachoma, while…..cause genital infections that when transmitted to the eye cause….

A

A,B,C
D-K
Inclusion conjunctivitis

17
Q

C.trachomatis has….serotypes

A

15

18
Q

C.trachomatis target cells are…..

A

Cells of conjunctiva

19
Q

Describe replication cycle of C.trachomatis

A

The cycle begins when extracellular, metabolically inert, “spore-like” elementary body enters the cell and reorgamizes into a larger metabolically actove reticulate body. This replicates within the inclusion body by binary fission which gives rise to elementary bodies released from cell.

20
Q

Infants born to infected mothers develop……..

A

Mucopurulent neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis

21
Q

Features that set inclusion conjunctivitis apart from glaucoma

A

The cornea is not affected, usually affects lower eyelid. Recovery is the rule.

22
Q

What is Reiter’s syndrome

A

An autoimmune disease caused by Abs against C.trachomatis cross-reacting with antigens on cells of joints, uveal tract, urethra.

23
Q

The best lab diagnosis for C.trachomatis infectoon are…

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests such as PCR

24
Q

Describe pharma. treatment of trachoma

A
  1. Newborns: tetracycline or erythromycin cream for 10-14 days
  2. Adults: oral tetracycline,doxycycline or erythromycin for 3-6 weeks
25
Q

Mention a fungus causing keratitis

A

Fusarium solani

26
Q

Enumerate important virulence factors of P.aeruginosa

A
  1. Produces exotoxin A which inactivates elongation factor-2.
  2. Pili and capsule are virulence factors that mediate attachment and inhibit phagocytosis respectively.
27
Q

HSV reactivation in…..can cause dentritic ulcer

A

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal ganglia

28
Q

Adenovirus serotype…..cause conjunctivitis while serotype…..cause EKC

A

3
8 & 19

29
Q

Describe treatment of viral keratoconjujctivitis

A

Topical and oral acyclovir are used in treatment of HSV
Oral acyclovir is used in treatment of herpes zostet ophthalmicus

30
Q

Mention diagnostic specimen of eye infections and tests

A

Conjunctival swab/corneal scrapings
Bacterial: inoculation on blood and chocolate agar with 5-10% CO2. Isolated colonies are identified by Gram stained films and biochemical tests.
For viral infection: PCR

31
Q

……causes chorioretinitis in AIDS patients

A

CMV

32
Q

Mention 2 viruses causing neonatal ocular and manifestation and describe the symptoms

A

CMV, Rubella
Cataract, microphthalmia,severe chorioretinitis

33
Q

Acute localized otitis externa is caused by….while diffuse type is caused by…..and related to…..

A

S.aureus
P.aeruginosa
Maceration

34
Q

Malignant otitis externa is caused by…..and seen in…..

A

P.aeruginosa and anaerobes
DM patienta

35
Q

The most common bacterial pathogen causing otitis media is….

A

S.pneumoniae

36
Q

Enumerate viral pathogens causing otitis media and describe their structure

A
  1. RSV: belongs to paramyxovirus family. Non segmented -sense/ssRNA
  2. Coronaviruses: enveloped +sense/ssRNA. Helical nucleocaspid
  3. Rhinovirus (most common): picronavirus, +sense/ssRNA.
37
Q

GR: Follow up is important in otitis media

A

As residual fluid may lead to chronicity, resulting in hearing impairment.

SS Microbiology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions