Eye Dr. Martin Flashcards
proptosis
increased orbital contents displaces eye
= eyelid cant cover all of it —-> ulcers and infection
cause for inferior + medial proptosis
Lacrima gland problem (sarcoidosis, lymphoma, pleomeorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma
causes for axial proptosis
optic nerve problem (glioma, meningioma)
graves disease causes what kind of orbitopathy
- extraocular muscles are non-granulamatous inflammed
- HIGH Glycosaminoglycans
- NOT ADIPOSE OR TENDONS inflammation
graves disease orbitopathy complications
- visual loss
2. cornea complications
Idiopathic orbital inflammation is what and causes and what needs to be excluded
= psudotumor
- eosinophils in fat and tendons —-> inflammation and fibrosis
- only in lacrimal gland
- IgG related disease can look like this and needs to be excluded
other orbital inflammation diseases besides psudotumor and graves
- Wagner
- Sinus infection
- sarcoid —> granulomatous uveitis + Mutton Fat + Candle wax dippling
sarcoid causing orbital inflammation gives what 2 PE findings
- Mutton fat = keratic debri on cornea
2. Candle wax dripping : privascular inflammation of retina
most common neoplasm of the eye
- capillary hemangioma = children , infants
- cavernous hemangioma = adults
- non-hodkins lymphoma (B-cell lymphomas only)
- lacrimal gland adenoma
Blepharitis
eyelid inflammation , chronic
chalazion is what and can look just like what
lipid into the tissue —> granulamatous response = lipogranuloma
= Sebaceous carcinom**
neoplams to look for on eyelid in AIDS and can look like what
Karposi sarcoma can be in conjunctiva also, purple lesion in dermis
= can look like subconjunctival hemorrhage due to redness
most common tumor of all on eyelid and looks like
BCC (lower eyelid, inner canthus, upperlid)
= pearly nodules, telengiectasia vessels, **
= central rodent ulcer , rolled edges **
= can eat away anything
= peripheral palisading ***
BCC looks like what color on histology that is important to see
BLUE
1. peripheral palisading = nucleus stand up vertically (like a flower)
SCC looks like what and histologic things to see
PINK
1. keratin pearls
Sebaceous Carcinoma can be found how, spreads how, and histology + stain needed
- reoccuring chalazion that is removed and comes back
- Pagetoid spread : intraperipheral spread (through epidermis)
- Vacuolization of cytoplasm **, Oil Red O STAIN ** only stain that works
Sebaceous Carcinoma metastasizes first where and is associated with what syndrome
- parotid + subandibular LN, lung, liver, brain, skull
2. Muir- Torre Syndrome (lynch syndrome where internal tumors cause sebaceous gland skin tumors)
you see many goblet cells with nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium what area is this
conjunctiva
conjunctiva
- palpebral
- fornix
- bulbar
- limbus
- palpebral = allergies and bacterial infection
- fornix = lacrimal gland + LN is here
- bulbar = non-K SS Epi covers the eye
- limbus = transition from sclera to cornea
what can cause conjunctiva scarring
- chlamydia trachomatis or autoimmune ocular cicatrical pemphigoid
- can cause a type of dry eye
what happens in the conjunctiva scarring that causes dry eye
goblet cells decrease = less mucin made = needed for adherence of aqueous part in tears (so even if you give artificial tears it will not adhere to the cornea)
Pinguecula vs pterygium
Pinguecula : limbus, small yellow elevation from sun exposure + CAN become SCC OR MELANOMA fragmented collagen (elastase stain VVG)
Pterygium : can impair vision, winging onto cornea
freckle vs lentigo
freckle = melanin is higher due to enlarges melanocytes lentigo = melanin increases due to linear melanocyte hyperplasia
nevus vs melanoma seen how
NEVUS : melanocytes grow round and grow in aggregates of nests (LARGE to small as you go down vertically)
MELANOMA : stays LARGE all the layers down
