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PANRE EENT > Eye Disorders Blueprint > Flashcards

Eye Disorders Blueprint Flashcards

1
Q

Lid margin ulcers

Painful dry scales

A

Blepharitis

Staph/infx

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2
Q

Lid margin; No ulcers

Pruritic greasy scales

A

Blepharitis

Seborrheic/inflamm

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3
Q

Black eye
Pain, diplopia, dec EOM
Incarcerated muscle or nerve

A

Blowout fracture

orbital floor/wall

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4
Q

Dx/Tx of Blowout fx

A

CT
Urgent consult
Abx, Tetanus

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5
Q

Tx Blepharitis

A

Difficult (recurrent, chronic, resistant to tx)
Warm compress
Abx (Staph); Steroid (Seborr)

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6
Q

Ophthalmo PE order

A 
Visual Acuity
Color Vision
Visual Fields
PERRLA
EOMI
Anterior Chamber
External Lids
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7
Q

Opthalmo Tools

A 
Penlight (swinging, near reflex)
Ophthalmoscope (red reflex, post chamber)
Slit Lamp (outer eye, ant chamber)
Tonometer (IOP; nml < 22)
Amsler Grid (macular degen)
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8
Q

Transient vision loss

A

TIA

Migraine

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9
Q

Acute vision loss

usually emergent

A 
Trauma
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Retinal Detachment
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Temporal Arteritis
Hyphema
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
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10
Q

Chronic reversible vision loss

A

Cataract
Refractive Error
Corneal Dystrophy

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11
Q

Chronic irreversible vision loss

A

Macular Degeneration (Age-related)
Glaucoma
DM Retinopathy

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12
Q

Benign “red eye”

A 
FB
Corneal abrasion
Subconjunctival Hem
Conjunctivitis
Episcleritis/Scleritis
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13
Q

Pathologic “red eye”

A 
Uveitis
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Hyphema
Infxn
Cellulitis
Herpetic Infxn
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14
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bilateral protrusion:

Grave’s dz

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15
Q

Proptosis

A 
Unilateral protrusion:
Orbital cellulitis
Tumor
Hemorrhage
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
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16
Q 
Older person
Recent sinus or dental infxn
fever
painful/injected eye; swollen shut
decreased vision
proptosis
Marcus Gunn pupil
CT: fluid collection/stranding
A 
Orbital cellulitis (emergent)
 or retro-orbital cellulitis

Blood cx
IV abx: Ceftriax, Vanco
Admit surg

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17
Q 
Younger person
Superficial trauma
Red, hot, swollen (cellulitis of) lid
Normal vision
No proptosis or Marcus Gunn pupil
A

Preseptal cellulitis

Warm compress
Augmentin

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18
Q 
Young person
Inflamed nasolacrimal sac 2/2 infxn or obstruct of nasolacrimal duct 
medial canthus
Pain, swelling, redness
Tearing, crusting, ? pus
A

Dacryocystitis

Staph, Strep, Pseudo

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19
Q

Tx: Dacryocystitis

A

Warm compress
Nasal decongestant
Oral abx

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20
Q 
Adult
Infxn/inflamm of lacrimal glands
Red, tearing, FB sens
Acute = pain swelling upper/outer lid
Chronic = painless enlargement of upper lid
A

Dacryoadenitis

Acute = viral (mumps, EBV) or bacterial (Staph, gonn)
Chronic = Sarcoid, TB, granulation, lymphoma
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21
Q

Tx: Dacryoadenitis

A

Warm compress
NSAIDs
Bx (chronic)

22
Q

Acute infection lid margin (intern./extern.)
Pustule; not entire eyelid
Red, painful
Staph

A

Hordeolum (Stye)

23
Q

Chronic inflammation
Lipo-Granulomatous Cyst
Not red or painful
Usually points inside the lid / upper lid

A

Chalazion

24
Q

Chronic inflammation/infxn of lid margin
Ulcers / Dry scales / Painful =
No ulcers / Greasy scales / Pruritic =

A

Blepharitis
= Staph (Tx: abx)
= Seborrheic (Tx: steroids)

25
Q

Yellow / White deposit on conjunctiva
Round, non-vascular, benign
Nasal or temporal

A

Pinguecula

26
Q

Semitransparent / Opaque lesion
Triangular, Vascular, benign
Nasal side

A

Ptyrigium

27
Q

Bilateral infection
Pruritic, watery
Other allergic conditions

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

28
Q

Unilat or Bilat infxn
Burning
URI
Pre-auricular node

A

Viral conjunctivitis

29
Q

Unilateral infxn

Painful, Purulent, Crusting over

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

30
Q

Immune rxn to contact lens abuse

A

Giant Papillary conjunctiviits

31
Q

Rust ring

Corneal clouding

A

FB

32
Q

Pain, Injection, Photophobia, FB sensation,

+ fluorescein uptake

A

Corneal abrasion

33
Q

Pain, Injection, Photophobia, dec. acuity,
+ pooling of fluorescein
Contact lens abuse / Pseudomonas infxn

A

Corneal ulceration

Quinolones

34
Q

MC reversible blindness
Opacity of lens
Progressive, painless, worse at night, halos

A

Cataracts

35
Q 
Sudden onset vision loss, unilateral
Painless, RAPD (Marcus Gunn)
Assoc c Afib, carotid dz, temporal arteritis
Cherry red spot on pale macula
Preceded by amaurosis fugax
A

Central retinal artery occlusion

36
Q

Blurry vision on waking, unilateral
Progresses to complete blindness over hours
Assoc c DM
Blood & Thunder; Cotton wool spots

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

37
Q

Sudden onset visual loss (curtain)
Flashes / Floaters
Scleral buckle / retinal fold
IOP dec (<10)

A

Retinal detachment

38
Q 
#1 cause irreversible blindness (bilat)
Central vision loss / periph sparing
Dry = Drusen (pale yellow deposits)
Wet = Neovascularization
A

Macular Degeneration (Age-related)
Daily Amsler grid
Scotoma (black and white distortion)
& straight line distortion

39
Q

1 cause of irreversible blindness < 65 yr

Worse with hyperglycemia
Non-proliferative (Dry) = hard exudates &
cotton wool spots
Proliferative (Wet) = Neovascularization

A

Diabetic retinopathy

Assoc c Central retinal v. occlusion

40
Q

MC HTN ocular manifestation
Acute = HTN emerg, Cotton wool spots,
optic disc edema, end organ damage
Chronic = AV nicking, Copper & Silver wiring

A

HTN retinopathy

Tx: aggressive BP control

41
Q

MC cause of blindness in AA
Fm Hx, insidious onset, inc IOP
Increased cup/disc ratio (> 0.5)
Periph vision loss (late finding)

A

Open Angle Glaucoma

Tx: dec IOP (BB, PG analogue)

42
Q

Congen. shallow ant chamber (crescent shadow); sudden increase IOP (> 40)
Sudden, severe, unilat pain, blurry, N/V
Fixed mid-dilated pupil, cloudy cornea
Older female in dark environment

A

Angle Closure Glaucoma

Tx: Anhydrase inhibitors, BB

43
Q

Ocular misalignment
May lead to amblyopia
Heterotropia (manifest deviation)
Heterophoria (latent deviation)

A

Strabismus

Tx: patching works

44
Q

Misalignment of light reflex =

Bad eye fixates when cover good eye =

A

Heterotropia
= Hirschberg
= Cover test

45
Q

Evident with eye strain only
Normal Hirschberg
Cover bad eye causes deviation

A

Heterophoria

= Cover/uncover test

46
Q

Brain suppresses info from bad eye
(blurry or conflicting info)
Strabismus, refractive error, deprivation
(black reflex = congen. cataract)
(white reflex = leukocoria; retinoblastoma)

A

Amblyopia

Tx: Patching, Glasses, Surgery

47
Q

Blood in anterior chamber
Blunt trauma
Must sleep in sitting position, eye shield

A

Hyphema

48
Q

Pain, swelling, black eye
Diplopia or dec EOM (? entrapment)
Nml acuity and pupil size
Fracture of orbital floor / wall

A

Blow out Fracture

Get CT scan!!!
Urgent surgical consult
Prophylactic abx & tetanus

49
Q

“Young female” c rapid progressive unilat central vision loss & color vision loss
Pain c eye movement; Optic disc edema
RAPD (Marcus Gunn pupil)
Assoc c MS

A

Optic neuritis

Tx: IV corticosteroids

50
Q

Increased ICP
Disc edema, retinal hemorrhage
Late visual loss
HA, N/V, focal neuro deficit

A

Papilledema

Non-contrast CT

PANRE EENT (1 decks)

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