Eye disorders Flashcards
Optic neuritis
inflammatory demyelinating condition that results in acute vision loss in 1 eye
strong association with MS - is presenting factor ~20 % of MS pts
may also occur with viral infections
W > M, age 20-40
eye pain worse with with EOM’s
central scotoma
PE: loss of color, visual acuity, relative APD
Optic neuritis treatment
IV methylprednisolone for 3 days then taper to accelerate vision recovery
Dx confirmed by MRI w gadolinium contrast -
Refer Optho and Neuro
Papilledema
swelling of optic nerve head usually with Elevated intracranial PRESSURE
pts often present with HA - esp first thing in the morning , n/v, transient vision changes
urgent! Optho referral
Optic disk appearance in papilledema
optic disk swollen, with blurred disk margins
venules dilated and tortuous
there may be flame hemorrhages and infarctions (cotton wool spots)
what are cotton wool spots?
areas of infarctions
Age Related Macular Degeneration
degenerative disease of the MACULA (central retina) that results in loss of central vision
increase incidence with age >50
gradual or acute PAINLESS vision loss one or both eyes
central scotoma
metamorphopsia - wavy distorted vision
Amsler grid distortion
Wet & Dry types
Wet vs Dry AMD
Wet - worse prognosis, abnormal vessel growth into the subretinal space - vessel leak
Dry - Drusen - yellow deposits
Retinal Detachment
most often due to retinal tear
superior temporal retinal artery most common site of detachment
PAINLESS vision loss - monocular
“curtain coming down” maybe floaters or flashes of light
retinal detachment treatment
immediate Optho referral
during transport have pt turn head to ipsilateral side - helps retina fall back in place with aid of gravity
Amaurosis Fugax
fleeting blindness
often caused by retinal emboli from ipsilateral carotid dz
“curtain passing vertically
