eye disorders

Question 1

What are some age related eye/vision changes?

Answer 1

dry eye - goblet cells affected
difficulty in seeing cool colors - less rods
peripheral vision decrease

Question 2

What are eye disorders in the geriatric population?

Answer 2

cataracts
glaucoma
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic macular edema
detached retina
macular degeneration
charles bonnet syndrome

Question 3

cataract definition

Answer 3

cloudy lens - leads to scattering of light

due to protein and fibers in lens breaking down

common in older age

Question 4

cataract symptoms

Answer 4

BLURRED VISION
glare/halos around lights/poor night vision/ dimness

Question 5

treatment of cataracts?

Answer 5

surgical removal, replacement with plastic intraocular lens

Question 6

nursing indications post cataract surgery

Answer 6

redness, itchiness, black spots expected for weeks

avoid lifting and straining, including during bowel - increases IOP

Question 7

open angle glaucoma defined

Answer 7

irreversible damage to optic nerve, delayed diagnosis because no initial signs and symptoms

Question 8

open angle glaucoma prevention

Answer 8

annual eye doctor screening with eye dilation

Question 9

open angle glaucoma s&s (delayed)

Answer 9

POOR PERIPHERAL VISION
fixed dilated pupil
fatigued eyes
headaches
glare sensitivity
frequent changes in corrective lens rx

Question 10

angle close glaucoma

Answer 10

medical emergency, aqueous humour obstruction leads to rapid increase of IOP = blindness if not treated

Question 11

symptoms of angle close glaucoma

Answer 11

pain
redness around eye
severe headache
n&v
blurred vision

Question 12

treatment of angle close glaucoma

Answer 12

surgery to relieve IOP

Question 13

pop at risk for angle close glaucoma

Answer 13

HTN, diabetes

Question 14

nursing actions for angle close glaucoma

Answer 14

oral or topical drugs to degress IOP
beta blockers to reduce pressure improving flow of fluid

Question 15

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 15

hyperglycemia damages retinal vessels leading to macular edema

Question 16

symptoms of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 16

floating spots

Question 17

diabetic macular edema

Answer 17

progression from diabetic retinopathy
build up of fluid (blood and lipids) in macular

Question 18

symptoms of diabetic macular edema

Answer 18

blurred vision
loss of contrast
black dots or lines of vision loss

Question 19

treatment of diabetic macular edema

Answer 19

steroids

antivascular endothelial growth factor injection therapy

laser therapy to cauterize leaky vessels and reduce fluid accumulated

Question 20

diabetic eye disease prevention

Answer 20

strict:

BP control
blood glucose control
cholesterol level control

annual dilated fundoscopic exam - 5 yrs post T1 diagnosis and immediately for T2

Question 21

retinal detachment

Answer 21

medical emergency

risk factors: trauma, surgery

treatment: emergency surgery

Question 22

retinal detachment symtpoms

Answer 22

“curtain coming down”

increased number of floaters or flashers over time

Question 23

aged related macular degeneration

Answer 23

affects central vision (leaving peripheral vision intact)

due to changes in circulation, metabolism, and tissue atrophy

Question 24

symptoms of AMD (age related macular degeneration)

Answer 24

central vision affected

blurred area near center of vision - beocmes larger with time leaving blank spots
objects not as bright as before

Question 25

Amsler grid

Answer 25

screening tool for AMD

affected person sees wavy lines

test eyes daily

Question 26

charles bonnet syndrome

Answer 26

visual hallucinations secondary to vision loss

resolves with time

not related to cognitive impairment or mental illness