EYE diseses

Question 1

HORDEOLUM → Aka Stye

Answer 1

Common, Acute infection of the eye by S.aureus
Not contagious
Can be
External → abscess of the gland of Zeis or Moll glands points Outward
Internal → Abscess of the meibomian gland Points inwards

Question 2

HORDEOLUM
Signs and symptoms

Answer 2

Red tender nodule / pustular near the eyelash follicle of the upper or lower lid.
Dx→ Clinical

Question 3

L&D HORDEOLUM

Answer 3

only required if recurrent or not resolved with treatment
abscess should be I&D and the purulent contents collected on the swab and sent for Gram smear and culture
S.aureus → Gram positive Cocci in clusters

Question 4

Hordelum V.S chalazion

Answer 4

Hordelum is an infection of the glands of the eyelid externally or internally
A chalazion is a sterile chronic inflammation that results in a blocked meibomian gland and might develop from an internal hordeolum

Question 5

Dacryocystitis

Answer 5

Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct

Question 6

Dacroadenitis

Answer 6

inflammation and enlargement of the lacrimal gland
Seen in infants or ppl > 40 y.o, F>M due to the narrower lumen of the bony canal

Question 7

Dacryocystitis bacteria

Answer 7

Acute → S.aureus , Strep pneumoniae ( G+ diplo )
Chronic → S.epidermis , Pseudomonas Candida

Question 8

Signs and symptoms →

Answer 8

Unilateral pain, redness, and swelling of the lower eyelid at the inner corner of the eye
Excessive tearing (epiphora), Pus or discharge, +- fever, diagnosis is clinical

Question 9

L&D Dacryocystitis

Answer 9

1. The fluorescent Dye Disappearance test or Jones dye test
2. Micobiliogy
3. CT - head
4. Dacryocystography ( DCG)

Question 10

The fluorescent Dye Disappearance test or Jones dye test

Answer 10

Assesses Patency of the lacrimal drainage system
A drop of yellow fluorescent dye is placed in the inner corner of the eye
If the tear drainage system is patent, the dye will disappear from the eye and drain into the nose (Positive result )
A cotton swab can be inserted into the nose to prove the dye has passed through the tear duct
If the dye does not disappear and/or the cotton swab is clean the tear duct is blocked

Question 11

CT head

Answer 11

outline shape, direction, and bone structure of the nasolacrimal duct, verify the existence of congenital or acquired pathology of the nasolacrimal canal, and helps rule out conditions

Question 12

Dacryocystography ( DCG)

Answer 12

fluoroscopic diagnostic test for imaging of the lacrimal apparatus
Iodine contrast is injection into the lacrimal system outlining the canaliculi and the lacrimal sac and therapy identifying the site of obstruction
In complete obstruction the contrast agent will not fill the lacrimal apparatus , in partial obstruction , some dye will seep through

Question 13

Conjunctivitis aka Pink Eye

Answer 13

Inflammation of the conjunctiva ( mucus membrane that lines the surface of the eyeball and inner eyelid )
Most common eye disease

Question 14

Conjunctivitis caused by

Answer 14

Causes
infections → Viral or bacterial
Non infectious → Allergy , systemic inflammatory disease

Question 15

Signs and symptoms

Answer 15

to all diffuse eye redness , eye discharge , mild pain and no visual changes.

Question 16

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 16

from another person or contaminated object

Question 17

Bacterial Conjunctivtis cause in Neonates

Answer 17

Neonates → N.gonorrhea ( day 2-5 after birth) - copious discharge ,
C. trachomatis ( day 5-7) Ophthalmic emergency

Question 18

bacterial Conjunctivitis cause in Children

Answer 18

H. influenza ( 80%) , S.pneumoniae ( 20 %)

Question 19

bacterial Conjunctivitis cause in Adults

Question 20

Signs and symptoms Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Answer 20

Lid-crusting, purulent discharge, burning , redness , or gritty sensation in the eyes

Question 20

L&D Conjunctivitis

Answer 20

Conjunctival scraping for culture and grain smear →
All newborns with bacterial conjunctivitis
Pt with recurrent bacterial conjunctivitis os suspected gonococcal infection
Gonococcal conjunctivitis is Ophthalmic emergency → it may rapidly lead to corneal perforation , acquired through contact with infected genital secretions
N.Gonorrhea is a gram negative intercellular diplococcus

Question 21

N.Gonorrhea

Answer 21

is a gram negative intercellular diplococcus

Question 22

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

Answer 22

is Ophthalmic emergency → it may rapidly lead to corneal perforation , acquired through contact with infected genital secretions

Question 23

Viral Conjunctivitis →

Answer 23

highly contagious→
(HadV) adeno virus
HSV
Swimming pools most common source
Watery discharge

Question 24

Signs and symptoms Viral conjunctivitis →

Answer 24

Had V is associated with a sore throat , fever , malaise and pre-auricular adenopathy
HSV is associated with lid vesicles

Question 25

LD viral conjunctivitis

Answer 25

The adenoPlus test is POCT detects viral conjunctivitis within 10 minutes
PCR takes 24 hrs
Viral Cultures 1-2 weeks

Question 26

Allergic conjunctivitis →

Answer 26

1. Benign disease typically seen in people with seasonal allergies
2. It is IgE mediated hypersensitivity type I reaction precipitated by airborne allergens

Question 26

Signs and symptoms →

Answer 26

Bilateral very itchy eyes , mucoid /ropy discharge, edema of eyelids
Cobblestoning of the upper inner conjunctiva, rhinorrhea ,nasal congestion