eye conditions Flashcards
what is entropion
when the eyelid turns inwards and the eyelashes start rubbing the eyes
what is dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac usually present with a painful lump at the side of the nose
What is blepharitis
inflammation of the lid which involves the lashes as it blocks the follicles
causes of blepharitis
meibomian gland dysfuction
seborrhoea
staph aureus
symptoms of blepharitis
itchy
burning eyes
Management for blepharitis
lid hygiene as it will unblock the Meibomian glands
topical chloramphenicol or fusidic acid
what is conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
common symptoms of conjunctivitis
soreness
redness
discharge
VISUAL ACUITY IS GOOD
treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis
oral or topical penicillin
treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis
topical erythromycin twice daily
what is keratitis
corneal inflammation
causes of keratitis
herpes virus
contact lens infected
blepharitis
symptoms of keratitis
sensation of a foreign body or pain
photophobia
lacrimation
treatment for keratitis
acyclovir ointment five times a day for two weeks
what is cataracts
when the lens become opaque and causes visual impairment
symptoms of cataracts
gradual painless deterioration of vision
what is glaucoma
increased pressure inside the eye which can cause optic nerve damage and result in visual field defects
what is the difference between open angle and close angle glaucoma
open angled glaucoma is where the trabecular meshwork deteriorates
close angled glaucoma - narrowing of iridocorneal angle
symptoms of open angle glaucoma
gradual painless loss of peripheral vision
Management for open angle glaucoma
beta blockers such as levobunolol which reduce aqueous production. contraindicated with COPD, asthma or heart block
Prostaglandin analogues increase aqueous outflow
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide reduce aqueous production
laser surgery
symptoms of close angle glaucoma
sudden onset of a red painful eye and blurred vision
unwell, nausea, vomiting, complain of headache and severe ocular pain
management of close angle glaucoma
acetazolamide 500mg
pilocarpine drops to constrict the pupil to improve aqueous outflow and prevent iris adhesion to the trabecular meshwork
What is uveitis
inflammation of the uveal tract which includes the iris ciliary body and choroid
management of uveitis
topical steroids such as dexamethasone
