eye conditions

Question 1

what is entropion

Answer 1

when the eyelid turns inwards and the eyelashes start rubbing the eyes

Question 2

what is dacryocystitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the lacrimal sac usually present with a painful lump at the side of the nose

Question 3

What is blepharitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the lid which involves the lashes as it blocks the follicles

Question 4

causes of blepharitis

Answer 4

meibomian gland dysfuction
seborrhoea
staph aureus

Question 5

symptoms of blepharitis

Answer 5

itchy

burning eyes

Question 6

Management for blepharitis

Answer 6

lid hygiene as it will unblock the Meibomian glands

topical chloramphenicol or fusidic acid

Question 7

what is conjunctivitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 8

common symptoms of conjunctivitis

Answer 8

soreness
redness
discharge
VISUAL ACUITY IS GOOD

Question 9

treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis

Answer 9

oral or topical penicillin

Question 10

treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis

Answer 10

topical erythromycin twice daily

Question 11

what is keratitis

Answer 11

corneal inflammation

Question 12

causes of keratitis

Answer 12

herpes virus
contact lens infected
blepharitis

Question 13

symptoms of keratitis

Answer 13

sensation of a foreign body or pain
photophobia
lacrimation

Question 14

treatment for keratitis

Answer 14

acyclovir ointment five times a day for two weeks

Question 15

what is cataracts

Answer 15

when the lens become opaque and causes visual impairment

Question 16

symptoms of cataracts

Answer 16

gradual painless deterioration of vision

Question 17

what is glaucoma

Answer 17

increased pressure inside the eye which can cause optic nerve damage and result in visual field defects

Question 18

what is the difference between open angle and close angle glaucoma

Answer 18

open angled glaucoma is where the trabecular meshwork deteriorates
close angled glaucoma - narrowing of iridocorneal angle

Question 19

symptoms of open angle glaucoma

Answer 19

gradual painless loss of peripheral vision

Question 20

Management for open angle glaucoma

Answer 20

beta blockers such as levobunolol which reduce aqueous production. contraindicated with COPD, asthma or heart block

Prostaglandin analogues increase aqueous outflow

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide reduce aqueous production

laser surgery

Question 21

symptoms of close angle glaucoma

Answer 21

sudden onset of a red painful eye and blurred vision

unwell, nausea, vomiting, complain of headache and severe ocular pain

Question 22

management of close angle glaucoma

Answer 22

acetazolamide 500mg

pilocarpine drops to constrict the pupil to improve aqueous outflow and prevent iris adhesion to the trabecular meshwork

Question 23

What is uveitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the uveal tract which includes the iris ciliary body and choroid

Question 24

management of uveitis

Answer 24

topical steroids such as dexamethasone