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eye anatomy > eye conditions > Flashcards

eye conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Retina

A

light-sensitive tissue lining inner surface of eye

like film on camera

light strikes this and initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately tigger nerve impulses that are sent to various visual centers of the brain through optic nerve fibers

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2
Q

retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

A

scarring, vessel overgrowth and detachment of the retina

due to extreme prematurity

usually have small optic nerve too

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3
Q

visual deficits of ROP

A

blur
visual field deficits
nystagmus
nearsighted
mobility deficits
blindness

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4
Q

educational implications of ROP

A

priority seating
magnification
learning media assessment
O&M
technology
auditory input

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5
Q

retinitis pigmentosa (RP)

A

inherited retinal degeneration can be associated with hearing loss (usher)

rods start to decrease (night blindness & loss of peripheral)

can start with good vision and lose it ~30

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6
Q

visual deficits of RP

A

blur
glare
dark adaptation
visual field deficits
nystagmus
color vision deficits
mobility deficits

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7
Q

educational implications of RP

A

O&M
braille
counseling
technology
auditory
magnification
modifications to maps/charts
reassessment each year

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8
Q

retinoblastoma

A

eye cancer

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9
Q

visual deficits of retinoblastoma

A

both eyes – braille
one eye – can maintain without intervention

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10
Q

educational implications of retinoblastoma

A

braille
O&M
counseling

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11
Q

retinal detachment

A

a split in the layers of the retina resulting in a decrease in nutrition and visual function

vision over -5 has higher risk

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12
Q

visual deficits of retinal detachment

A

field restrictions
reduced acuity ( near & distance)
depth perception

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13
Q

educational implications of retinal detachment

A

braille (because unstable eye condition & can cause blindness if severe)
optical devices
O&M
technology

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14
Q

macular degeneration (stargardts)

A

deterioration of the macular area of retina

lose central vision

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15
Q

visual deficits of stargardts

A

central field loss
reduced acuity (near and distance)
visual field deficits

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16
Q

educational implications of stargardts

A

learning media assessment
O&M
optical devices
assistive technology

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17
Q

optic nerve

A

connects eye to brain

optic disc at end and can progressively change appearance and lose function when affected by eye cancer

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18
Q

optic nerve atrophy

A

difficulties for visual stimuli to be transmitted to the brain

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19
Q

visual deficits of optic nerve atrophy

A

blur
visual field deficits
color deficits
mobility deficits
reduced acuity

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20
Q

educational implications of optic nerve atrophy

A

O&M
optical devices
technology
braille (possible)
LMA

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21
Q

optic nerve hypoplasia

A

optic nerve fails to develop

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22
Q

visual deficits of optic nerve hypoplasia

A

blur
visual field deficits
nystagmus
mobility deficits

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23
Q

educational implications of optic nerve hypoplasia

A

LMA
O&M
optical devices
technology

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24
Q

cortical visual impairment (CVI)

A

absence of vision caused by damage to the blood supply to the occipital lobes of the brain

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25
Q

visual deficits of CVI

A

visual clutter
lack of visual interest
misinterpretation of visual stimuli

26
Q

educational implications of CVI

A

reducing visual clutter in classroom
viewing center (black area, no distraction)
use of preferred color
preferred side of presentation

27
Q

anterior segment

A

front third of eye that includes structures in front of vitreous humor
cornea
iris
ciliary body
lens

28
Q

lens

A

transparent biconvex structure that helps cornea refract light to be focused on retina

changes shape to change focal distance so it can focus on objects at various distances allowing a sharp real image of the object to be formed on retina

29
Q

cataract

A

congenital

opacities of the lenses

glaucoma can develop

30
Q

visual deficits of cataracts

A

blur
glare
nystagmus
reduced visual acuity

31
Q

educational implications of cataracts

A

aphakia
modifications of surroundings
optical devices
technology

32
Q

aphakia

A

absence of lens resulting from cataract removal

33
Q

iris

A

thin, circular structure in eye

responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina

color of this = eye color

In response to the amount of light entering the eye, muscles attached to this expand or contract the pupil (center of this)

larger = the more light can enter

34
Q

aniridia

A

Absence of the iris

usually occurs in both eyes

can be congenital or caused by a penetrant injury

Congenital is not just an isolated defect in iris development but is a panocular disorder with macular and optic nerve hypoplasia, cataract and corneal changes

35
Q

visual deficits of aniridia

A

blur
glare
nystagmus
bright light

36
Q

educational implications of aniridia

A

Non Optical Devices (Sunfilters)
Optical Devices
Controlled environment

37
Q

coloboma

A

A hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid or optic disc

The hole is present from birth and can be caused when a gap called the choroid fissure between two structures in the eye fails to close up completely before a child is born

The classical description in medical literature is of a key-hole shaped defect

can occur in one or both eyes

38
Q

visual deficits of coloboma

A

Blur
Glare
Visual Field Deficits
Nystagmus

39
Q

educational implications of coloboma

A

Control environment
Optical devices
Orientation and mobility

40
Q

nystagmus

A

form of involuntary eye movement

41
Q

visual deficits of nystagmus

A

Blur
Glare
Visual Field Deficits

42
Q

educational implications of nystagmus

A

magnification
eye fatigue

43
Q

lebers congenital amaurosis (LCA)

A

Congenital defect, blindness or near blindness in both eyes

May be accompanied with a nystagmus

Marked reduction in visual function of the retina (RP)

44
Q

visual deficits of LCA

A

Nystagmus (Most usually)
Light sensitivity
Visual deficits
Acuity reduction
Visual Stimulation behaviors result in “sunken eye”

45
Q

educational implications of LCA

A

Braille
Environmental control
Orientation and Mobility
Technology
Optical Devices
Non optical devices

46
Q

albinism

A

Hereditary deficiency of pigmentation that could involve the entire or just parts of the body

non progressive condition

47
Q

visual deficits of albinism

A

Light sensitivity
Nystagmus
Reduced acuity (near and distance)

48
Q

educational implications of albinism

A

Environmental controls
Optical Devices
Non optical devices
Orientation and Mobility
Technology
LMA
FVA

49
Q

glaucoma

A

Intraocular pressure becomes higher and damages the nerves of the retina and optic nerve

happens because of obstruction of the drainage of the aqueous between the iris and cornea.

50
Q

medical implications of glaucoma

A

blindness
unstable condition

51
Q

treatment of glaucoma

A

laser to open the canal
drops

52
Q

educational implications of glaucoma

A

Braille
Optical devices
Orientation and Mobility
Technology
Non Optical devices

53
Q

amblyopia

A

A reduction in visual acuity because of non-use of the eye
There is marked differences in the refractive error of both eyes

The eye itself may be normal but the brain tends to suppress or ignore the picture received by the eye

54
Q

medical implications of amblyopia

A

muscle imbalance
focusing issues

55
Q

educational implications of amblyopia

A

reduced visual function (when being treated)

56
Q

treatment of amblyopia

A

patching (good eye)
drops

57
Q

strabismus

A

Defects of the eye muscle system

Eye misalignment or eyes that do not move normally

One fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.

58
Q

achromatopsia

A

Congenitally defective cones

rare inability to distinguish colors

non progressive

extreme form of color deficiency

complete lack of cone function.

59
Q

medical implications of achromatopsia

A

Light sensitivity
Color dysfunction
Reduced visual acuity
Nystagmus

**Since rod function is generally intact, magnification may help by spreading the image over a larger portion of the retina.

60
Q

educational implications of achromatopsia

A

Control environment
Optical devices
Orientation and Mobility
Technology
Non Optical Devices
Modify color related assignments

eye anatomy (1 decks)

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