Eye and Retina

Question 1

fovea

Answer 1

only has cones

Question 2

peripheral retina

Answer 2

mostly rods and a tiny bit of cones

Question 3

Macular degeneration

Answer 3

fovea and surrounding area are destroyed
causes a black spot in center of vision

Question 4

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 4

rods go bye bye so night vision gets super bad foveal cones can also be attack
complete blindness can occur

Question 5

Myopia

Answer 5

nearsightedness

Question 6

Refractive myopia

Answer 6

cornea or lens bends too
much light

Question 7

Axial myopia

Answer 7

eyeball is too long

Question 8

Hyperopia

Answer 8

farsightedness
eyeball too short

Question 9

Presbyopia

Answer 9

occurs when the lens can no longer adjust for
close objects

Question 10

Retinal

Answer 10

a light sensitive molecule

Question 11

Opsin

Answer 11

a large protein

Question 12

Visual transduction

Answer 12

occurs when
the retinal absorbs one photon,
causing it to change shape
isomerization

Question 13

dark adaption

Answer 13

bright light to low light adjustment

Question 14

Measuring the Dark Adaptation Curve

Answer 14

E1: look at point directly in front and have light off to the side on so cones and rods are both stimulated
E2 and E3: control for the effect of one of the two receptor types in order to isolate the effect of each on their own

Question 15

Visual Pigment Regeneration

Answer 15

Retinal molecule changes shape
Opsin molecule separates
The retina shows visual pigment bleaching
Retinal and opsin must then recombine in a process called regeneration, in order to be capable of responding to light again

Question 16

spectral sensitivity

Answer 16

hill

Question 17

threshold curve

Answer 17

valley

Question 18

humans are most sensitive to which color of the visible spectrum

Answer 18

greenish/yellow

Question 19

Rods are more sensitive to ______ light

Answer 19

short-wavelength aka blue

Question 20

cones are more sensitive to _____

Answer 20

560 nm

Question 21

purkinje shift

Answer 21

wanda vision
blue moonlight

Question 22

order of nerve cells in eye

Answer 22

rod/cone -> horizontal ->bipolar -> amacrine -> ganglion -> optic nerve

Question 23

visual pathway

Answer 23

lateral geniculate nucleus in thalamus -> striate cortex or V1 in the occipital lobe -> temporal lobe and parietal lobe -> frontal lobe

Question 24

superior colliculus

Answer 24

gets some signals from the eye and is important for controlling eye-movements