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Eye and Orbit > Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What bone forms the superior border of orbital margin?

A

Frontal bone

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2
Q

What bone forms the lateral border of orbital margin?

A

Zygomatic bone

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3
Q

What bones form the medial-anterior border of orbital margin?

A

Frontal bone and frontal process of Maxilla

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4
Q

What bone forms the medial-posterior border of orbital margin?

A

Lacrimal bone

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5
Q

What bone forms the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone

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6
Q

What bone forms the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

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7
Q

What bones forms the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid (lamina papricia), sphenoid (lesser wing)

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8
Q

What bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

zygomatic, sphenoid (greater wing)

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9
Q

What are the 9 openings found within the orbit?

A

Supraorbital notch or foramen, Infaorbital foramen, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove/canal, anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen, zygomatic canal, nasolacrimal duct

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10
Q

What nerve and corresponding action are associated with the orbital and palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII, closes eyelids

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11
Q

What nerve and corresponding action are associated with the levator palebrae superioris?

A

CN III, opens upper eyelid

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12
Q

What is the smooth muscle (under sympathetic control) portion of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Superior tarsal muscle

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13
Q

Which CN opens the eye?

A

CN III-you can think of this being a set of pillars keeping the eyelid open

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14
Q

Which CN closes the eye?

A

CN VII-you can think of “7” as being a hook that closes the eyelid

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15
Q

What is the name of the sac-like structure analagous to the vestibular (mucolabial) fold?

A

Conjunctival Sac of the conjunctivum

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16
Q

Which two sinuses are found just superior and inferior to the anterior portion of the orbit?

A

Frontal and maxillary sinuses

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17
Q

Which wall (medial or lateral) of the orbit is the strongest?

A

The lateral wall (this serves a protective function)

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18
Q

If orbital pressure becomes too great, which bone within the medial wall of the orbit is most likely to suffer a blow out fracture?

A

The lamina papricia of the ethmoid bone

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19
Q

What is the connective tissue “skeleton” of the eyelid?

A

tarsal plate

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20
Q

What is the name of the structure responsible for keeping the eyelids from sticking together?

A

tarsal glands (they create a fatty secretion)

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21
Q

What are the sebaceous glands of the eyelid?

A

Ciliary glands

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22
Q

Which part of the conjunctiva is continuous with the skin and very vascular?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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23
Q

Which part of the conjunctiva is continuous with cornea and transperent?

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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24
Q

What nerves are responsible for the general sensory innervation of the upper eyelid?

A

V1-lacrimal (lateral), supraorbital, supratrochlear (medial) and infratrochlear (medial) nerves

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25
Q

What nerves are responsible for the general sensory innervation of the lower eyelid?

A

inferior palpebal nerve (one of the terminal branches of V2)

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26
Q

What vessels provide the blood supply to the upper eyelid?

A

opthalimic artery (lacrimal, supraorbital, dorsal nasal and supratrochlear arteries)

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27
Q

What vessels provide the blood supply to the lower eyelid?

A

inferior palpebral from maxillary artery and the superior labial artery (from the facial artery)

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28
Q

What is the pathway for tears (under parasympathetic control, CN VII)?

A

Tears from lacrimal gland–>superior and inferior puncta–>lacrimal canal–>lacrimal sac–>nasolacrimal duct–>nasal cavity–>empties into inferior meatus

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29
Q

Where is the choroid located?

A

between the sclera and retina

30
Q

What are the two structures continuous with the sclera?

A

Cornea (continuous with the sclera) & dural sheath of the optic nerve

31
Q

Which eye structure separates the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A

The iris

32
Q

What two structures define the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

Cornea–>anterior chamber–>iris

33
Q

What two structures define the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

iris–>posterior chamber–> lens

34
Q

What structure under parasympathetic control (CN III) closes to keep light out of the eye?

A

Sphincter pupillae

35
Q

What structure under sympathetic control consists of radial muscles going out from the iris?

A

Dilator pupillae

36
Q

What structure and corresponding action makes the transparent and avascular lens rounder?

A

Contraction of the ciliary muscle

37
Q

What structure and corresponding action makes the lens flatter?

A

Relaxation of the ciliary muscle

38
Q

How can you describe the inner and outer layers of the retina?

A

outer pigment layer and inner neural layer

39
Q

Optic disc

A

optic disc: where the optic nerve enters; insensitive to light (there are NO rods or cones present here)

40
Q

Macula lutea

A

macula lutea: a disc with the fovea centralis; most acute vision

41
Q

(SO4LR6)3

A

All eye muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve CN III EXCEPT the superior oblique (trochlear nerve CN IV) and lateral rectus (abducens nerve CN VI)

42
Q

Eye muscles: Elevators

A

Inferior oblique and superior rectus

43
Q

Eye muscles: Depressors

A

Inferior rectus and superior oblique

44
Q

Eye muscles: ADductors

A

Medial rectus, superior rectus and inferior rectus

45
Q

Eye muscles: ABductors

A

Superior oblique, inferior oblique, and lateral rectus

46
Q

What is the pathway for the motor innervation of the superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Cell body of LMN in Occulomotor complex (midbrain)–>cavernous sinus–>superior orbital fissure–>SUPERIOR division branches

47
Q

What is the pathway for the motor innervation of the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles?

A

Cell body of LMN in Occulomotor complex (midbrain)–>cavernous sinus–>superior orbital fissure–>INFERIOR division branches

48
Q

What is the pathway for the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscle?

A

CN IV-Cell body of LMN in Trochlear nucleus–>cavernous sinus–>superior orbital fissure–>superior oblique

49
Q

What is the pathway for the motor innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

CN VI-Cell body of LMN in abducens nucleus (midbrain)–>cavernous sinus–lateral rectus

50
Q

What two arteries provide blood supply to the ethmoid air cells and nasal cavity?

A

Posterior and anterior ethmoid arteries

51
Q

What blood vessel provides blood supply to the choroid layer?

A

short posterior ciliary arteries

52
Q

What vessels provide the blood supply to the ciliary body and iris?

A

long posterior ciliary arteries

53
Q

What structures are supplied by the ciliary arteries?

A

Sclera, choroid, ciliary body and iris

54
Q

The superior opthalmic vein drains into the …

A

cavernous sinus

55
Q

The inferior opthalmic vein drains into the…

A

pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus

56
Q

Both the superior opthalmic and inferior opthalmic veins anastamose with the …

A

facial vein

57
Q

What provides general sensory innervation to the orbit?

A

CN V. Mainly opthalmic division VI and some maxillary division V2

58
Q

What is the neural pathway for the lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary nerves?

A

Sensory cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion–>V1 branches from the ganglion in the cranial cavity–>cavernous sinus–>superior orbital fissure–>orbit–>branches into the sensory nerves

59
Q

Lacrimal nerve (sensory innervation)

A

lateral upper eyelid, lacrimal gland and some conjunctiva

60
Q

Frontal nerve (2 branches-sensory innervation)

A

Supraorbital AND supratrochlear nerves-upper eyelid, forehead and scalp

61
Q

Nasociliary nerve (4 main branches-sensory innervation)

A

Long ciliary nerves (eyeball), posterior ethmoidal nerve (sphenoid sinus, ethmoid air cells and nasal cavity), anteior ethmoidal nerve (ethmoidal air cells and nasal cavity), infratrochlear nerve (medial upper eyelid and lacrimal sac)

62
Q

What branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the bridge of the nose?

A

External nasal branches

63
Q

Which nerve provides general sensory innervation to the lower eyelid and the eyeball?

A

Inferior palpebral nerve

64
Q

By definition, long ciliary nerves are…

A

general sensory nerves from V1

65
Q

By definition, short ciliary nerves are…

A

post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN III

66
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle and constrictor pupillae

A

Preganglionic cells are in the Edinger Westphal nucleus (midbrain)–>cavernous sinus–>superior orbital fissure–>pre-ganglionic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion–>postganglionic fibers are now called short ciliary nerves–>enter eyeball–>innervate ciliary muscles and constrictor pupillae muscles

67
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland

A

Preganglionic cell bodies in superior salivatory nucleus (pons)–>internal acoustic meatus–>facial canal–>greater petrosal nerve branches in the facial canal–>greater petrosal nerve is joined by the deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic fibers) to form nerve of pterygoid canal–>pterygopalatine fossa–>pre-ganglionic fibers synapse with post-ganglionic fibers in pterygopalatine ganglion–>postganglionic fibers jump onto the zygomatic nerve of V2–>jump onto the lacrimal nerve of V1–>lacrimal gland

68
Q

Sympathetic innervation pathway for dilator pupillae and superior tarsal muscle

A

Preganglionic fibers originate T1-L2–>enter chain–>ascend to superior cervical ganglia–>synapse–>postganglionic fibers hitchhike on the internal carotid artery–>opthalmic artery–>fibers then hithhike onto short or long ciliary nerves or muscular branches of III and go on to innervate the dilator pupillae and superior tarsal muscle.

69
Q

Which reflex combines a sensory component of V and a motor component of VII?

A

Corneal reflex

70
Q

Corneal reflex: Absent ipsilateral with normal contralateral response

A

Normal V with abnormal ipsilateral VII

71
Q

Corneal reflex: Absent bilateral response

A

V abnormality OR bilateral VII abnormality

72
Q

Corneal reflex: Absent contralateral response

A

Abnormal contralateral VII

Eye and Orbit (1 decks)

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