Eye and Ocular Adnexa Lecture

Question 1

Chambers of the globe

Answer 1

Posterior Segment: Vitreous Body
Anterior Segment: Anterior and Posterior chambers

Question 2

Name for eyelids and eyelashes

Answer 2

Palpebrae and cilia

Question 3

The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the lids and the surface of the eyeball

Answer 3

Conjunctiva:
palpebral conjunctiva: deepest part of palpebral layer
bulbar conjunctiva: the conjunctiva reflects back onto the surface of the eyeball

The angle made by this reflection is the conjunctival fornix, and the space between the eyelids and the surface of the eye, normally potential except for a small amount of mucus and tears, is the** conjunctival sac**.

Question 4

Three layers of precorneal tear film

Answer 4

1. oil from meibomien glands
2. serous layer (lacrimal and third eyelid production)
3. mucous layer, mucous glands of conjunctiva

precorneal tear film is important for vision

Question 5

Tunics of the eyeball

Answer 5

1. Fibrous tunic: made up of the cornea and sclera with a transition point called the limbus
2. Vascular tunic: is dense in vessels and made of the choroid, the posterior uvea and the ciliary body (suspends the lens), and iris makes up the anterior uvea
3. Nervous tunic: the retina

Question 6

outer layer of the eye is the…

Answer 6

episclera

Question 7

Glaucoma

Answer 7

increased pressure in anterior chamber, causes compression on the retina

Question 8

corpora nigra

Answer 8

a black body, only in herbivores.

do not confuse with a tumor!

called iridial ribbon in llamas

Question 9

back of the eye where all axons pass through

Answer 9

area cribrosa

Question 10

Layers of the cornea

Answer 10

1. precorneal tear film
2. corneal epithelium (continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva at the limbus)
3. stroma (90% of corneal thickness, relatively dehydrated - critical for maintenance of corneal transparency. DOES NOT regenerate)
4. Descemet’s membrane, descemetoccole an ocular emergency
5. endothelium (important in the maintenance of corneal dehydration)

corneal epithelium is capable of vigorous regeneration when injured.

Question 11

what constitutes corneal transparency

Answer 11

1. regular collagen that reduces light scatter
2. avascular
3. no pigment
4. tear film, smooth surface
5. relative dehydration

Question 12

The site at which the aqueous produced by the ciliary body is reabsorbed back into the circulation

Answer 12

iridocorneal angle (filtration angle, iris
angle)

Question 13

Layers of the retina

Answer 13

1. pigment epithelium (also has unpigmented part which is the tapetum)
2. photreceptor layer (rods and cones [color])
3. bipolar cells (receive information from photoreceptors, project to deepest layer)
4. ganglion cell layer (deepest layer,

choroid coat deepest and then blood vessels deeper still

Question 14

the fundus and its parts

Answer 14

portion of the eye that can be viewed through an opthalmoscope, include tapetum, nontapetal area, optic disc, and the retinal vasculature

Question 15

the lens

Answer 15

surrounded by a capsule, has a lens epithelium which is alive and conitnues to grow in life, lens fibers are the cells, lens cell meet at a point called lens stars

compression of lenticular lens is called lenticular sclerosis and is not the same as cataracts. immune system has never seen lens proteins.