Eye and Ear

Question 1

the chemicals in “food depolarize”chemoreceptors in the taste buds that are located on the surface of the tongue.

Answer 1

Taste (Gustation)

Question 2

the chemicals (odorants) in the “air depolarize” chemoreceptors in the upper part of the nasal passages (olfactory bulb).

Answer 2

Smell (Olfaction)

Question 3

a “photoreceptor”, the eye can be divided into three layers: The Sclera, Choroid Layer, Retina.

Answer 3

Vision

Question 4

the ear (a mechanoreceptor for both hearing and balance) is divided into three main parts: Outer Ear, Middle Ear, Inner Ear

Answer 4

Hearing

Question 5

the semicircular canals are responsible for detecting motion changes (dynamic equilibrium)

Answer 5

Balance

Question 6

the outer white layer of the eye that protects and provides shape

Answer 6

Sclera

Question 7

the transparent covering that protects and “refracts/bends” light towards the pupil.

Answer 7

Cornea

Question 8

the “middle layer” containing blood vessels supplying the eye with nutrients and oxygen, and a dark pigment prevents the reflection of light.

Answer 8

Choroid

Question 9

the “fluid behind the cornea” that supplies the cornea and lens with nutrients; refracts light and cushions.

Answer 9

Aqueous Humor

Question 10

the muscular, colourful part of the eye, which “regulates the amount of light entering the “pupil” (the opening into the eyeball). In bright light, the iris contracts making the pupil constrict (smaller)

Answer 10

Iris

Question 11

“focuses an image on the retina” that is upside down and reversed due to its shape

Answer 11

Lens

Question 12

a jelly like material that maintains the shape of the eye.

Answer 12

Vitreous Humor

Question 13

“innermost layer of the eye” containing the two types of photoreceptor cells.
Rods and Cones

Answer 13

Retina

Question 14

“specialized for vision in dim light”; used to discriminated between shades of gray, used to see shapes and movement. Rods contain Rhodopsin, which contains vitamin A, and a large protein molecule called Opsin.

Answer 14

Rods

Question 15

specialized for colour vision and sharp detail; activated by bright light; less numerous than the rods. Color Blindness is related to defective cones

Answer 15

Cones

Question 16

a small and highly sensitive part of the retina responsible for detailed central vision. High concentration of cones.

Answer 16

Fovea Centralis

Question 17

is the area at the back of the eye containing no rods or cones, the location of the optic nerve (carries information to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe).

Answer 17

Blind Spot

Question 18

adjustments of the pupil (and iris) to different light intensities.

Answer 18

Pupillary Reflex

Question 19

adjustments of the lens for near and distant images.

Answer 19

Accommodation Reflexes

Question 20

the image focuses in front of the retina therefore distant objects are not clearly seen. Caused by a too long of an eyeball or a lens that can’t flatten enough. Corrected by wearing a concave lens or surgery.

Answer 20

Near Sightedness (myopia)

Question 21

the image focuses behind the retina so near objects are out of focus. Caused by the eyeball being to short or the lens being to stiff. Corrected by wearing a convex lens or surgery.

Answer 21

Far Sightedness (hyperopia)

Question 22

clouding of the lens so that it becomes opaque and restricts light from entering the eye.

Answer 22

Cataract

Question 23

caused by an “uneven curvature” of the cornea or lens. Creates blurred vision, headaches etc.

Answer 23

Astigmatism

Question 24

Is commonly found in older people and results in high intraocular pressure due to a build-up of a fluid in the aqueous humor.

Answer 24

Glaucoma

Question 25

Pink eye

Answer 25

Conjunctivitis

Question 26

Intrinsic muscles of the eye formed as a ring of smooth muscle in the eye’s middle layer, uvea (vascular layer).

Answer 26

Ciliary muscles