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Anatomy Lab > Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebrae (a.k.a Uvea)

A

the eyelids function to keep our eyes lubricated and free from dust and debris.

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2
Q

Tarsal Plates

A

broad sheets of connective tissue that support and strengthen the eyelids, it gives the eyelids its structure.

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3
Q

Conjunctiva

A

thin-mucus-like membranes covering the inner surface (palpebral conjunctiva) of the eyelid and the anterior surface (bulbar conjunctiva) of the eye. Helps to moisten and keep clean.

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4
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

external muscle responsible for closing of the eyelids.

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5
Q

Optic Nerve

A

nerve associated with sight/vision (located on the medial side of the eyeball).

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6
Q

Lens

A

primary function is to focus the visual image on the retina’s photoreceptors. Responsible for accommodation.

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7
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A

produces, distributes, and removes tears.

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8
Q

Lacrimal Gland (w/ excretory ducts)

A

structure that produces and secretes tears. Located superiorly and laterally from the eye.

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9
Q

Lacrimal Puncta

A

two small pores (superior/inferior) that empty the tears into the lacrimal canals. Located medially at the pit of the eye.

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10
Q

Lacrimal Canals (canaliculi)

A

carries the tears from the punta to the lacrimal sac. Located medially from the lacrimal puncta.

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11
Q

Lacrimal Sac

A

where the tears are collected from the lacrimal canals. It sits medially inside the lacrimal groove of the lacrimal bone.

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12
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A

structure that empties the tears into the nasal cavity. Located inferior and continuous to the lacrimal sac.

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13
Q

Orbicularis Oculi (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Closing of the eyelids.

Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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14
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Lifts up the eyelid.

Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve

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15
Q

Superior Rectus (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Eye looks up

Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

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16
Q

Inferior Rectus (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Eye looks down

Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

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17
Q

Medial rectus (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Eye looks medially

Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

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18
Q

Lateral Rectus (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Eye looks laterally

Innervation: Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

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19
Q

Inferior Oblique (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Eye rolls, looks up and laterally

Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

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20
Q

Superior Oblique (Action and Innervation)

A

Action: Eye rolls, looks down and laterally

Innervation: Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

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21
Q

Trochlea

A

produces this pulley system, allowing for quick sharp rotations of the eye, made out of fibril cartilage.

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22
Q

Cornea

A

the transparent membrane that covers the anterior portion of the eye

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23
Q

Sclera

A

the “white of the eye” composed of dense, fibrous connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.

24
Q

Choroid (coat)

A

black covering deep to the sclera. Contains an extensive capillary network for oxygen/nutrient exchange to the outer portion of the eye.

25
Q

Iris

A

the colored portion of the eye (which is more superficial to the pupillary muscles)

26
Q

Pupillary Dilators (Intrinsic Muscle)

A

smooth muscle that enlarges the pupil. Surrounds the constrictors.

27
Q

Pupillary Constrictors (Intrinsic Muscle)

A

smooth muscle that decreases the pupil. Inside the border of the pupillary dilators.

28
Q

Pupil

A

an opening that allows for the passage of light

29
Q

Ciliary Body

A

begins at the junction between the cornea and the sclera. Muscle + Process.

30
Q

Ciliary Muscle

A

a muscular ring that projects into the interior of the eye

31
Q

Ciliary Processes

A

finger-like projections that serve as a point of attachment for Zonular Fibers

32
Q

Suspensory Ligaments (Zonular Fibers)

A

attaches to the lens for accommodation

33
Q

Retina

A

layer that contains the photoreceptors

34
Q

Macula Lutea

A

circular area that surrounds the fovea centralis- it contains no rods

35
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

circular area within the macula lutea that is characterized as the site for the highest concentration of cones. It is the site for the sharpest vision.

36
Q

Optic Disc

A

area where the optic nerve/blood vessels exits. This area is considered the “blind spot.”

37
Q

Anterior Cavity

A

Cornea -> Lens

38
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

Cornea -> Iris

39
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

Iris -> Lens

40
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

watery substance that filled the anterior cavity of the eye and serves as a transportation system for nutrients and waste.

41
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

junction between the cornea and the sclera. It drains the aqueous humor back into the blood

42
Q

Posterior Cavity (Vitreous Chamber)

A

between the len and the retina

43
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

gel-like liquid that is composed of collagen. It helps to maintain the shape of the eye.

44
Q

Describe the sensory ligaments and ciliary muscles when the object is FAR. What is the shape of the lens?

A

Suspensory Ligaments -> Tense

Ciliary Muscles -> Relaxed

Lens -> Thin

45
Q

Describe the sensory ligaments and ciliary muscles when the object is CLOSE. What is the shape of the lens?

A

Suspensory Ligaments -> Relaxed

Ciliary Muscles -> Tense

Lens -> Thick

46
Q

What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland during a motor function? Describe the action.

A

Facial Nerve -> Normal Lacrimal Fluid -> Motor Function

47
Q

What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland during a sensory function? Describe the action.

A

Ophthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve -> Overproduction of lacrimal fluid -> Sensory Function

48
Q

What is the aqueous humor pathway?

A

Ciliary Bodies (secretes aqueous humor)

Posterior Chamber

Pupil

Anterior Chamber

Canal of Schlemm

Circulation (vein)

49
Q

What is the clinical?

“pinkeye” results from damage to and irritation of the conjunctival surface

A

Conjunctivitis

50
Q

What is the clinical?

An abnormal lens that has lost its transparency.

A

Cataracts

51
Q

What is the clinical?

A normal consequence of aging, lens losing its transparency

A

Senile Cataracts

52
Q

What is myopia?

A

Also called nearsightedness.

Image forms in FRONT of the retina. The eyeball is too long.

CONCAVE lens is used to correct this.

53
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Also called farsightedness.

Image forms BEHIND the retina. The eyeball is too short.

CONVEX lens is used to correct this.

54
Q

What is the clinical?

drainage of aqueous humor is impaired, causing a buildup of pressure

A

Glaucoma

55
Q

What is the clinical?

A bacterial infection that affects the eyes.

A

Trachoma

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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