Eye Anatomy Flashcards
Palpebrae (a.k.a Uvea)
the eyelids function to keep our eyes lubricated and free from dust and debris.
Tarsal Plates
broad sheets of connective tissue that support and strengthen the eyelids, it gives the eyelids its structure.
Conjunctiva
thin-mucus-like membranes covering the inner surface (palpebral conjunctiva) of the eyelid and the anterior surface (bulbar conjunctiva) of the eye. Helps to moisten and keep clean.
Orbicularis Oculi
external muscle responsible for closing of the eyelids.
Optic Nerve
nerve associated with sight/vision (located on the medial side of the eyeball).
Lens
primary function is to focus the visual image on the retina’s photoreceptors. Responsible for accommodation.
Lacrimal Apparatus
produces, distributes, and removes tears.
Lacrimal Gland (w/ excretory ducts)
structure that produces and secretes tears. Located superiorly and laterally from the eye.
Lacrimal Puncta
two small pores (superior/inferior) that empty the tears into the lacrimal canals. Located medially at the pit of the eye.
Lacrimal Canals (canaliculi)
carries the tears from the punta to the lacrimal sac. Located medially from the lacrimal puncta.
Lacrimal Sac
where the tears are collected from the lacrimal canals. It sits medially inside the lacrimal groove of the lacrimal bone.
Nasolacrimal Duct
structure that empties the tears into the nasal cavity. Located inferior and continuous to the lacrimal sac.
Orbicularis Oculi (Action and Innervation)
Action: Closing of the eyelids.
Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Levator Palpebrae Superioris (Action and Innervation)
Action: Lifts up the eyelid.
Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve
Superior Rectus (Action and Innervation)
Action: Eye looks up
Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Inferior Rectus (Action and Innervation)
Action: Eye looks down
Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Medial rectus (Action and Innervation)
Action: Eye looks medially
Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Lateral Rectus (Action and Innervation)
Action: Eye looks laterally
Innervation: Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Inferior Oblique (Action and Innervation)
Action: Eye rolls, looks up and laterally
Innervation: Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Superior Oblique (Action and Innervation)
Action: Eye rolls, looks down and laterally
Innervation: Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
Trochlea
produces this pulley system, allowing for quick sharp rotations of the eye, made out of fibril cartilage.
Cornea
the transparent membrane that covers the anterior portion of the eye
Sclera
the “white of the eye” composed of dense, fibrous connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.
Choroid (coat)
black covering deep to the sclera. Contains an extensive capillary network for oxygen/nutrient exchange to the outer portion of the eye.
Iris
the colored portion of the eye (which is more superficial to the pupillary muscles)
Pupillary Dilators (Intrinsic Muscle)
smooth muscle that enlarges the pupil. Surrounds the constrictors.
Pupillary Constrictors (Intrinsic Muscle)
smooth muscle that decreases the pupil. Inside the border of the pupillary dilators.
Pupil
an opening that allows for the passage of light
Ciliary Body
begins at the junction between the cornea and the sclera. Muscle + Process.
Ciliary Muscle
a muscular ring that projects into the interior of the eye
Ciliary Processes
finger-like projections that serve as a point of attachment for Zonular Fibers
Suspensory Ligaments (Zonular Fibers)
attaches to the lens for accommodation
Retina
layer that contains the photoreceptors
Macula Lutea
circular area that surrounds the fovea centralis- it contains no rods
Fovea Centralis
circular area within the macula lutea that is characterized as the site for the highest concentration of cones. It is the site for the sharpest vision.
Optic Disc
area where the optic nerve/blood vessels exits. This area is considered the “blind spot.”
Anterior Cavity
Cornea -> Lens
Anterior Chamber
Cornea -> Iris
Posterior Chamber
Iris -> Lens
Aqueous Humor
watery substance that filled the anterior cavity of the eye and serves as a transportation system for nutrients and waste.
Canal of Schlemm
junction between the cornea and the sclera. It drains the aqueous humor back into the blood
Posterior Cavity (Vitreous Chamber)
between the len and the retina
Vitreous Humor
gel-like liquid that is composed of collagen. It helps to maintain the shape of the eye.
Describe the sensory ligaments and ciliary muscles when the object is FAR. What is the shape of the lens?
Suspensory Ligaments -> Tense
Ciliary Muscles -> Relaxed
Lens -> Thin
Describe the sensory ligaments and ciliary muscles when the object is CLOSE. What is the shape of the lens?
Suspensory Ligaments -> Relaxed
Ciliary Muscles -> Tense
Lens -> Thick
What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland during a motor function? Describe the action.
Facial Nerve -> Normal Lacrimal Fluid -> Motor Function
What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland during a sensory function? Describe the action.
Ophthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve -> Overproduction of lacrimal fluid -> Sensory Function
What is the aqueous humor pathway?
Ciliary Bodies (secretes aqueous humor)
Posterior Chamber
Pupil
Anterior Chamber
Canal of Schlemm
Circulation (vein)
What is the clinical?
“pinkeye” results from damage to and irritation of the conjunctival surface
Conjunctivitis
What is the clinical?
An abnormal lens that has lost its transparency.
Cataracts
What is the clinical?
A normal consequence of aging, lens losing its transparency
Senile Cataracts
What is myopia?
Also called nearsightedness.
Image forms in FRONT of the retina. The eyeball is too long.
CONCAVE lens is used to correct this.
What is hyperopia?
Also called farsightedness.
Image forms BEHIND the retina. The eyeball is too short.
CONVEX lens is used to correct this.
What is the clinical?
drainage of aqueous humor is impaired, causing a buildup of pressure
Glaucoma
What is the clinical?
A bacterial infection that affects the eyes.
Trachoma
