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Clinical Skills > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Accomodation

A

increased convexity of the lenses caused by the contraction of the ciliary body to maintain a clear image on an object as its distance varies

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2
Q

Amblyopia

A

lazy eye that causes impaired or dim vision without obvious defect or change in the eye

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3
Q

Anisocoria

A

difference in pupil sizes

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4
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

clear liquid that fills anterior and posterior chambers

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5
Q

Arcus Senilis

A

a narrow opaque band encircling the cornea, common in old age

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6
Q

Astigmatism

A

a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus

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7
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid

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8
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

where aqueous humor drains

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9
Q

Canthus

A

Inner or outer corner of the eye, where upper and lower eyelid meets

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10
Q

Chalazion

A

inflammatory lump in the oil glands of the eyelid

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11
Q

Choroid

A

the pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera. supplies vasculature of retina, rods and cones

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12
Q

Conjunctiva

A

the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids

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13
Q

Diopter

A

a unit of refractive power that is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length (in meters) of a given lens

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14
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

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15
Q

Ectropian

A

a condition, typically a consequence of advanced age, in which the eyelid is turned outward away from the eyeball

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16
Q

Epicanthus

A

a semi-lunar fold of skin at medial canthus, with its concavity facing outward

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17
Q

Extraocular Movements

A

Movements of eyeball in 6 cardinal directions

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18
Q

Fovea

A

darkened circular area, marks the point of central vision, highest visual acuity. 1:1 ratio of cones and ganglion

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19
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure that leads to gradual decrease in vision

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20
Q

Hemianopsia

A

blindness in half of field of vision

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21
Q

Hordeolum

A

A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid that may look like a boil or pimple

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22
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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23
Q

Hyphema

A

accumulation of blood in anterior chamber of the eye

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24
Q

Limbus

A

border of iris and sclera

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25
Q

Macula

A

Surrounding area of fovea. Rods and cones, more detailed vision.

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26
Q

Myopia

A

Near sightedness

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27
Q

AV Nicking

A

Arteriovenous nicking, where a small artery is seen crossing a small vein, results in compression of vein with bulging on either side of the crossing

28
Q

Nystagmus

A

Beats in eye caused by extreme lateral gaze (normal unless proptosis present)

29
Q

Optic Disc

A

point of entry of optic nerve, creates the blind spot

30
Q

Oculus Dexter (OD)

A

Right eye

31
Q

Oculus Sinister (OS)

A

Left eye

32
Q

Palpebral Fissure

A

opening between eyelids

33
Q

Papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup. Presence of papilledema suggests meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions

34
Q

Photophobia

A

Fear of light

35
Q

Plano

A

Level/flat

36
Q

Presbyopia

A

Degeneration of vision due to age

37
Q

Proptosis

A

Abnormal protrusion of eyeballs

38
Q

Pterygium

A

growth that starts on the clear tissue of the eye that can spread to the cornea

39
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of upper eyelid

40
Q

Punctum

A

Holes (relating to lacrimal puncta: hole in which tear fluid drains)

41
Q

Retina

A

a layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

42
Q

Sclera

A

white outer layer of the eyeball, tough and protective

43
Q

Scotoma

A

lesions in the retina or visual pathways

44
Q

Scotomata

A

a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field

45
Q

Strabismus

A

Abnormal alignment of the eye, no vision changes

46
Q

Tarsal Plates

A

firm strips of connective tissue in each eyelid with parallel rows of meibomian glands

47
Q

Visual Field

A

entire area that the eye can see

48
Q

Xanthelasma

A

yellowish plaques that occur most commonly near the inner canthus of the eyelid

49
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Covers most of the anterior eyeball, meets cornea at the limbus

50
Q

Palpebral Conjunctiva

A

lines the eyelids

51
Q

Medial Canthus

A

Medial corner of eye

52
Q

Lateral Canthus

A

Lateral corner of eye

53
Q

Meibomian gland

A

forms film on cornea and conjunctiva

54
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A

secretes tears and lubricant

55
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Tear duct, carries tears from lacrimal sac to nasal cavity

56
Q

Cornea

A

transparent layer of the eye, steep curvature of cornea makes it ideal for refraction of the light

57
Q

Anterior chamber

A

is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea’s innermost surface, the endothelium

58
Q

Posterior chamber

A

narrow space behind the peripheral part of the iris, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes

59
Q

Ciliary body

A

control thickness of lens, allowing to focus on near/distant objectives. Produces aqueous humor

60
Q

Lens

A

changes the focal distance of the eye

61
Q

Fundus

A

Inside, backside of the eye

62
Q

Retina

A

Layer in the back of the eyeball

63
Q

Optic Disc

A

Starting point of optic nerve in eye

64
Q

Retinal arteries

A

light red, smaller than veins, bright light reflex

65
Q

Retinal veins

A

dark red, larger, insonscpicuous/absent light reflex

66
Q

Vitreous body

A

fills the eyeball behind the lens to help maintain the shape of the eye

Clinical Skills (2 decks)

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