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Ped > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Walker-Warburg syndrome

A 
muscular dystrophy
dandy walker spectrum
Z-shaped brainstem
occipital cephalocele
occular asymetry
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2
Q

Aicardy

A

X-linked (girls and klinefelter)
abscent corpus callosum
occular abnormalities
posterior fossa cyst

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3
Q

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

A

faillure of involtion hyaloid artery
associated to trisomy
clinically: leukocoria, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachement

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4
Q

Cataracts

A

metabolic
infectious (toxo)
genetic
chromosomal

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5
Q

Septo-optic dysplasia

A

suspected by abscent septum pellucidum

small transverse diameter of optic chiasma

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6
Q

Excavations of optic disc

A

Coloboma: incomplete closure of embryonic fissure. Associated to: persistent hyaloid artery, retinal dysplasia, CHARGE
Morning glory disc: funnel shaped excavation of the posterior fundus incorporating the optic nerve. Ambliopia, strabismus, leukocoria, retinal detachement
peripapillary staphyloma: non hereditary, unilateral, uveal weakness with sclero-uveal extacia

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7
Q

Coats

A

non hereditary, unilateral in males
retinal telangiectasia wit massive intraretinal and subretinal lipid accumulation, exsudative retinal detachement and blindness
CT: hyperdense, IRM hyper T1 and T2

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8
Q

Norrie

A

X linked
blindeness in male infants
retinal dysplasia with phtisis bulbi
progressive hearing loss and neuro problems

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9
Q

Eye infection

A

Preseptal: anterior to the orbit periostium reflexion. Periorbital cellulitis. Complication: subperiosteal abcess
Post-septal: orbital cellulitis. Risk of: abcess, blindeness, venous thrombosis (superior ophtalmic vein), intracranial extension
Secondary to sinusitis or dacryoadenitis
Staph

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10
Q

Ocular toxocariasis

A

6-12 yo
painless unilateral vision loss, strabismus and leukocoria
intravitreal enhancing mass
normal size globe

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11
Q

Obital pseudotumor

A

Dx of exclusion, rare in pediatrics
Exoftalmus, pain, proptosis, mass, swelling, motility restriction.
Lacrimal gland involvement, myositis
Diff: granulomatosis with polyangiitis, sarcoidosis, graves disease
B-value in DIF util

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12
Q

Löfgren’s syndrome

A

Acute systemic disease with fever, polyarthritis, erythema nodosum, and favourable prognosis

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13
Q

Heerfordt’s syndrome

A

Uveoparotid fever: fever, parotid swelling, uveitis, and sometimes facial palsy

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14
Q

Optic neuritis

A

more parainfectious (1/3-2/3), more bilateral, less painful, more visual loss and more recovery
less associated to MS
MRI: contrast enhancement, hyper T2
intraorbital nerve more common
Diff: parainfectious, idiopathic, MS (rare), NMO, ADEM

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15
Q

NMO

A

optic neuritis with transverse myelitis with a cord lesion or NMO-IgG +. 60% have cerebral lesions
50% become blind or loose ability to deambulate in 5 years

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16
Q

Optic nerve enlargement infants

A

NF1 with gliomas

Krabbe disease

17
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

younger than 4 years, loss of RB gen (13q14).
familiar (less than 6 months) or not (13-18 months)
Staging from groupe A (less than 3 mm) to E (needs enucleation)
Hypo T2, diffusion restriction. Mets to bone
If bilateral: 3-8% have a trilateral (single midline tumor) or quatrilateral (2) neuroectodermal tumor, frequently within 1 year of diagnosis (screening for 4 y)

18
Q

Medulloepithelioma

A

embryonal neoplasm, 6yo
Nodular enhancing mass from ciliary body that might calcify. DWI restriction.
Teratoid and not teratoid

19
Q

Ocular phakomatosis

A

TS: astrocytic hamartoma, might calcify
NF: macrophtalmosis, Lishn nodules
SW: choroidal vascular malformation: hyper T1 and T2 (melanoma hyper T1 and HYPO t2)
VHL: retinal angomatosis

20
Q

Orbital meningioma

A

Pediatric primary Optic Nerve Shet Meningioma (PPONSM)
slow progressive optic nerve atrophy
hyper in CT, hypo T2, restricts
tram-trac in nerve sheat and pneumosinus dilatans in ethmoid sinus
associated to NF2 or other meningiomatosis
Diff: pPNET

21
Q

Orbital hemangioma

A

5% infants, appears shortly afte birth, proliferates, stabilizes and involutes
Complication: ulceration, bleeding, light obstruction
Hyper T2, avid enhancement, multiple flow voids
sporadic most, can be associated to PHACES
Diff: rhabdo (older patient, restricts to diff)

22
Q

Veno-lymphatic malformation

A

superficial: more lymphatic components. eyelid, conjuntiva
combined
deep: more venous components
Can have spontaneous changes of size, related to intralesional bleeding. No not enhance, can have phlebolites

23
Q

Orbital varix

A

distensible venous malformation in retrobulbar compartment, changes with posture, can bleed
Secondary varices are after dural venous thrombosis

24
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Most common malignant soft tissue tumor in childhood
Embryonal more common than alveolar and pleomorphic
6YO
typical location in superioasal quadrant, with invasion of bone and soft tissue, paranasal sinuses and intracranial spread
variable T2, hyperdense, restricted diffusion and enhancment

25
Q

Good pronostic factors in rhabdomyosarcoma

A 
absence of distant metastasos
primary within the orbit
confined to the orbit
gross complete surgical resection
yonger than 10 yo
tumor less than 5 cm
embryonal type
26
Q

Ocular neoplastic tumors

A

rhabdosarcoma
slitary fibrous tumor (hemangiopericytoma, giant cell angiofibroma)
rhabdoid tumor: aggressive malignant tumor, highly vascular

27
Q

Orbital LCH

A

proliferation/infiltration of abnormal histiocytes (dendritic)
orbital lesions between 1 and 4 yo
expansile soft tissue masses in the posterolateral orbit with preilection for frontosphenoid suture
punch out bone destruction without periosteal reaction
enhances, can have blood-fluid level

28
Q

Orbital metastasis

A

-Neuroblastoma: racoon eye, restricted diffusion, heterogeneous enhancement with bleeding and necrosis, periosteal reaction
-lymphoma leukemia 15% orbital masses. Most common cloroma secondary to acute myelogenous leukemia. Hypêrdense, suture invasion, periosteal reaction, restricted diffusion. Migh have optic nerve involvement
rarely willms and ewing

Ped (7 decks)

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