Eye Flashcards
State one side effect of using gels/ointments/drops
Transient blurred vision
What is the expiry date once gels/ointments/drops are used
28 days
State a preservative used in eye care
Benzalkonium chloride
State TWO side effects of benzalkonium
Stinging and irritation
Which TWO drugs can stain contact lenses
Rifampicin and Sulfasalazine
What colour does rifampicin stain contact lenses
Red
What colour does sulfasalazine stain contact lenses
Yellow/Orange
What are the TWO treatments for dry eyes and frequency
Hypromellose - OD every hour
Carmellose - OD QDS
What is the tx for conjunctivitis
Chloramphenicol
What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis associated with herpes simplex
Aciclovir 5 times a day until 3 days after healing
What is the tx for blepharitis
Hygiene measures
Chlorampenicol oint on eyelid
Fusidic acid cream for staph infections
What are the TWO side effects of topical corticosteroids
Cataracts
Steroid glaucoma
What is the tx for corneal ulcers
Intensive course with ciprofloxacin eye drops - OD one drop every 15 minutes for the first 6 hours
Give one major interaction with phenylephrine
MAOIs
Risk of hypertensive crisis
What is glaucoma
Raised intra ocular pressure
What are the 1st line txs for glaucoma
B blocker eye drops (Timolol)
Prostaglandin analogue eye drops (Latanoprost)
State one contraindication of b blocker eye drops
Asthma - risk of bronchospasm
Where do you store latanoprost
Fridge (2-8 degrees)
State side effects of prostaglandin analogues
Dry eyes
Ocular discomfort
Change eye colour (darker)
Thicken/lengthen lashes
What are the 2nd line tx’s for glaucoma
Symapthomimetic drops (Brimonidine)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drops (Brinzolamide)
Acetazolamide (orally)
What are the symptoms of closed angle glaucoma (medical emergency)
cloudy/hazy eyes
rainbow coloured lights
blurred vision
intense eye pain
vomiting
headache
Which 4 drug classes reduce blink rate
Anxiolytics
hypnotics
antihistamines
muscle relaxants
How can isotetrinoin affect contact lens wear
Causes conjunctival inflammation
How can aspirin affects contact lens wear
Salicylic acid absorbed into tears leading to irritation
What is Lodoxamide used for
Allergic conjunctivitis including seasonal
Who can Lodoxamide 0.1% eye drops be sold to
Adults and children 4+ for allergic conjunctivitis
What is nepafenac eye drops used for
Prophylaxis and tx of post op pain and inflammation with cataract surgery
Reduction in risk of post of macular oedema with cataract surgery in diabetic pts
What is conjunctivitis and blepharitis usually caused by
staph
What drugs are effective against pseudonomas aeriginosa
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Quinolones
what rare side effect is associated with ciprofloxacin eye drops
Ear pain
Which quinolone eye drop can cause tongue and oropharangeal swelling
Ofloxacin
State 3 common side effects of chloramphenicol
angioedema
eye stinging
bone marrow disorders
fever
skin reactions
State the risk factors of glaucoma
Age, ethnicity, T2DM, family hx, corticosteroid use, HTN, CVD
What age does age-related macular degeneration occur
55 +
