Extrinsic & Intrinsic Motivation

Question 1

INCENTIVES

Answer 1

Can be attractive and aversive. Think of an attractive incentive as one you’d like to obtain. An aversive incentive is one that motivates you to do (something) in order to get rid of the nuisance.

Question 2

Hedonistic Tendencies

Answer 2

Approach pleasure and avoid pain. We engage in activities which will promote rewards and pleasurable outcomes as opposed to punishment and aversion.

Question 3

Sources of Motivation

Answer 3

• internal events: psychological, psysiological, social
• external events: rewards and consequences

Question 4

INtrinsic Motivation

Answer 4

• The inherent desire to engage one’s interests and to exercise and develop one’s capacities to master optimal challenges.
• Emerges spontaneously from psychological needs and innate strivings for growth.
• Intrinsically motivated people act out of interest and enjoyment and for the challenge a particular activity provides.
• When psych needs are nurtured, it gives rise to the experience of psy satisfaction.

Question 5

INtrinsic Motivation (2)

Answer 5

• Psych need/ satisfaction give rise to intrinsic motivation
• Leads to many important benefits to the person, including persistence, creativity, conceptual understanding, and subjective well-being

Question 6

Benefits of Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 6

• Persistence: The more intrinsically motivated a person is, the more they are likely to keep trying at a certain activity
• Creativity: The higher the person’s interest in the activity, the higher the creativity.
• Conceptual understanding/ high- quality learning: flexible thinking, active information processing, learning in conceptual way rather than rote (memorizing)
• Optimal functioning and well-being: intrinsically motivated people tend to have greater self-actualization, subjective vitality, and self-esteem, higher-quality interpersonal relationships, less anxiety and depression

Question 7

PEOPLE DO NOT ALWAYS

Question 8

EXtrinsic Motivation

Answer 8

• A reason to engage in an activity created by the environment. Gains attractive consequences and is to avoid unattractive consequences

Question 9

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 9

• Essential difference in the SOURCE that energizes and directs the behavior

Question 10

External Regulation of Motivation

Answer 10

• Incentives
• Consequences
• Rewards

Question 11

Operant Conditioning

Answer 11

Refers to the process by which a person learns how to operate effectively in the environment. Operating effectively means learning to engage in behaviors that produce attractive consequences, while learning not to engage in behaviors that produce aversive consequences.

Question 13

Behavior Modification

Answer 13

The application of operant conditioning techniques

• to teach new responses
• to do away with maladaptive/ problematic behavior
• also known as “Applied Behavior Analysis”

Question 14

Baldwin & Baldwin

Answer 14

Conceptualization of motivated action:

S:R⇒C

• S= Situational cue (incentive)
• R= Behavioral response
• C= Consequence

Question 15

Incentives

Answer 15

• An environmental event that attracts/repels a person toward or away from initiating a particular course of action
• Always PRECEDE behavior (creating an expectation)
• Incentive value learned through experience (conditioning)
• Positive incentives cuz approach behavior and negative incentives cue avoidance behavior
• e.g. the presence of water could be an incentive to swim, but does not cause swimming, and water’s incentive value is higher if you are a swimmer than if you are not (left off on p.3)